Bread Givers essays

Bread Givers papers Being a worker? In the Bread Givers, by Anzia Yezierska, recounts to the tale of life as a foreigner in the Untied States, especially outsider ladies' quest for the American Dream. For some workers, the U.S. was the way in to a superior life, an actual existence liberated from financial downturn and strict persecution. America was a dream to all settlers. The Jewish workers utilized recorded analogies to depict destinations of Jewish enduring in qualification to America as a position of opportunity, opportunity, and guarantee. In the stories that Jewish Americans tell about their aggregate past in the United States, the Lower East Side capacities not similarly as a specific neighborhood where numerous Jews lived for some timeframe yet as praiseworthy of the Jewish involvement with America. They came to America and found rather the Lower East Side, a warren of swarmed, messy, and mean lanes. In this ghetto, these devastated Jewish migrants re-made the way of life of Eastern Europe, thick with the scents, sounds, tastes, and commotions of life in the Old World. Lower East Side filled in as a transitional zone for the Jewish settlers. In that area, they experienced a difficulty of social revised instruction as they figured out how to be free. The Lower East Side filled in as a center ground where the Jewish outsiders abided among themselves while trusting that consent will enter the genuine America. It filled in as their thin scaffold among bondage and opportunity, between the their country and the guaranteed place where there is America. Jewish migrants in America, similar to some other foreigners, confronted numerous obstructions. Their lives were showed thought to the repetitive subjects of abuse, tightening, and threat, on one hand, trailed by the extensiveness of freedom, on the other. Migrants needed to conform to modern work, new dialects, and city life. Sticking to their national characters and religions. Jewish settlers worked long and hard, to emphatically ... <! Bread Givers papers Being a Female Immigrate In the novel, Bread Givers, writer Anzia Yezierska recounts to the narrative of life as a move in the Untied States. For some moves, the U.S. was the way in to a superior life; a real existence liberated from financial downturn and strict mistreatment. America was a dream to many. Sara's dad talks to his significant other about not requiring a quill bed; Don't you realize it is consistently summer in America? Furthermore, in the new brilliant nation, where milk and nectar streams free in the avenues, you'll have new brilliant dishes to cook in...(Bread Givers, 9) To much alarm, the acknowledgment that America was not a place that is known for brilliant lanes comes too rapidly. Overflowed with individuals, New York's Lower East Side turns into a position of neediness for most. Moves end up living in ghettos, where soil and malady spins out of control. Life was burdensome for moves. In any case, as indicated by Yezierska, life as a female was a lot of more terr ible. In the 1920's, a moves' sex at last chose what experience he/she would have in America, for it was smarter to be a male than a female. In Russia, the Old World, it was lectured that a lady was distinctly on Earth to satisfy her significant other. So as to get into Heaven, a ladies needed to have a man next to her. America, the New World, was blended with various societies. A female in America, no longer needed to live exclusively for her significant other. This conflict of originations was the reason for various showdowns. This can be seen after the dad drove away Jacob, Bessie's genuine affection. Sara titles him ...a dictator more horrendous than the Tsar from Russia.(Bread Givers, 65) Sara's sister's couldn't make the most of their lives as American's a direct result of the solid hold their dad had on them. As Sara watches her sisters sold individually into inert relationships, she promises not to resemble them. The entirety of this could never occur in the event that they were men since men were not captives to the female race. The battles of being female were definitely not ... <!

Effectual Marketing Planning New Ventures â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Effectual Marketing Planning New Ventures? Answer: Presentation Samsung Leader 8 is a creative brand of cell phone, which is planned to be discharged in 2018 in the Australian market at a cost of $1000-$1200. The telephone has one of a kind highlights, for example, a safe Folder, Samsung Proprietary highlights, Full HD Super AMOLED screens and a huge interior stockpiling memory. This report has examined the advertising plan of Samsung Leader 8. Compose the official synopsis The official synopsis gives an unmistakable and exact portrayal of what is not out of the ordinary in the entire report, (Smith, 2011)). For this situation, the official rundown should involve all the key regions shrouded in the advertising plan. Compose an investigation of the present circumstance While dissecting the present circumstance, one ought to demonstrate the contenders accessible, their items, their qualities openings accessible in the market and their shortcomings, (Resnick, Cheng, Simpson Lourenco, 2016). A circumstance investigation ought to remember information for: Partners Partners are people keen on the achievement of an association, (Baines, Fill Page, 2013). Partners might be named follows: Associates, contenders, and accomplices: To draft a decent advertising arrangement, think about the partners objectives, their proposals to the business, what they dont offer, how they work, and where they may go straightaway, (Wymbs, 2011). The Government: This is the decision expert in the business zone of activity, (Whalen Holloway, 2012). Consider where the administration fits in the business and the impacts it might have on the achievement of the advertising procedure. Execution pointers When composing a showcasing plan, one ought to unmistakably characterize the key execution markers of the association. The exhibition pointers would go about as a reason for estimating whether the promoting methodology is succeeding or falling flat, (Tiago Verissimo, 2014). Survey your purchasers personas For a showcasing plan to be exhaustive, one should inquire about and clarify the purchaser intrigue, why they purchase, where they purchase and how they purchase. One ought to likewise assess the outside promoting impacts like socioeconomics, economy, social or cultural elements and their consequences for the particular advertising gathering, (Royle Laing, 2014). Compose the SWOT Analysis. A promoting plan can't be finished without an investigation of the chances, dangers, shortcomings and the qualities of the business, (Baines, Fill Page, 2013). Qualities are the one of a kind capacities of a firm. Openings are holes in the market, which an organization can misuse, (Baker Saren, 2016). Dangers may likewise allude to the qualities of a business contender, while shortcomings are insufficiencies that may make the firm less serious. Show the promoting targets and issues. In the wake of demonstrating the SWOT examination, one ought to show the particular issues that the arrangement is to concentrate on, and structure systems for accomplishing such objectives. Structure the showcasing methodology. In the wake of demonstrating the vital objectives, the advertiser should then show the promoting methodologies which will be utilized to accomplish such objectives. The systems chose will layout the particular objective market of the firm and give points of interest of the 6 Ps of the showcasing blend, similar to Product, Price, Promotion, spot, individuals, and situating, (Smutkupt, Krairit Bakhang, 2012). Set up the activity plan The activity plan clarifies how the promoting targets would be executed, (Kotler Armstrong 2013). It determines what can anyone do, will do it, how it will be done and the normal result Demonstrate the assets required A successful showcasing plan must have assets as far as assets, individuals, and innovation, (Hollensen, 2015). This segment of the arrangement features the assets required. An advertiser must demonstrate how the presentation of the drafted promoting plan would be checked. The advancement of the showcasing plan might be checked through the organization of controls. SWOT and Competitor investigation These are the remarkable abilities held by an association, (Armstrong, Adam, Denize Kotler, 2014). Qualities might be mechanical, creative or money related. The qualities of Samsung pioneer 8 are as per the following: High patent: Samsung Leader 8 is an imaginative telephone, with extraordinary capacities. In this manner, it will appreciate patent rights, as no other organization can create comparative items. Capable innovative work division: The office endowed with innovative work have qualified representatives who can create inventive thoughts Remarkable Brand: Samsung Leader 8 is an extraordinary cell phone brand, which will draw in potential purchasers who are prepared to attempt another cell phone model. Openings. Openings are showcase holes that can be filled by an association, (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Samsung Leader 8 is an item in the presentation stage in the item lifecycle. Thusly, it must endeavor open doors for development like rising cell phone showcase and expanded interest for cell phone based arrangements. Shortcomings. Shortcomings may allude to the imperatives of the association, that different adversaries may take abuse, (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2012). A few shortcomings that might be confronted when promoting Samsung pioneer 8 include: Low-overall revenue: Since this is another item, in the presentation and development stage, there is low-net revenue which may hinder extension of the customer base. A few Competitors: There are a few contenders with other prevalent brands selling in Australia. These incorporate Apples iPhone brand and different brands. Dangers. Dangers are factors that may hinder a business capacity to contend successfully in the market, (Huang Sarigollu, 2014). A few dangers to compelling promoting of Samsung pioneer 8 incorporate ascent of the Chinese maker and the as often as possible changing business sector requests and customer tastes A statement of purpose is a concise articulation which portrays an associations reason, extent of tasks, sort of items, geological district of activity and essential clients, (Persaud Azhar, 2012). Everything done by Samsung is guided by its crucial be the best Digital Electronics Company. This can be talked about in a chart as follows: Promoting and money related destinations attainable in the initial a half year. Promoting destinations. Promoting objective Span. To improve Samsung Leader 8s brand mindfulness by 50 % Two months, from January to February. To build the Sale of Samsung Leader 8 by 28%. 3 months, from March to May To build the general piece of the pie of Samsung Leader 8 by 30% multi month, from the finish of May, to end of June. Budgetary destinations. Variable Budgetary goal Time allotment. Income To create 100,000 dollars in deals. Two months from January to end of February. Cost To diminish selling, circulation and faculty costs by 10 %. 3 Months, from March to May. Promoting. To pull down the expense of publicizing by 20%. One month, from the finish of May, to end of June. Advertising blend system: Digital showcasing correspondence plan. A promoting blend is a mix of strategies and showcasing apparatuses that an association uses to sell an item in the market, (Wood, 2012). It involves four Ps: Price, item, spot, and advancement. Value: This is the worth connected to an item, (Singh, 2012). Samsung Leader 8 will sell at a cost between $ 100 and 1200 Item: This is the market offer, (Jain, Ahuja Medury, 2015). Samsung Leader 8 is the item for this situation. Its highlights, for example, quicker web get to, an enormous RAM, and a huge stockpiling are its particulars. Spot: This is the objective market of the firm, (Singh, 2012). Samsung Leader 8 is mostly focused at Australian clients who are enthusiastic about innovation, and ready to attempt another cell phone. Advancement: Promotion alludes to a blend of strategies utilized by advertisers to persuade, clients to purchase a particular item, (Singh, 2012). Samsung Leader 8 will be advertised on the web, by utilization of a site, web crawlers, and internet based life Advanced advertising correspondence plan. This is an archive set to break down a companys intensity in the computerized showcase, (Royle Laing, 2014). A computerized showcasing plan for Samsung Leader 8 will contain: Online incentive: This is a guarantee of significant worth to be delighted in by endless supply of an item, (Royle Laing, 2014). On the off chance that a client buys Samsung Leader 8 on the web, he/she will appreciate a great item with highlights like Snapdragon 821, 4 GB Ram, 64 GB inbuilt, Display 4.2 inch (Front), 4.0 inch (Rear), Primary 12 MP Secondary 5 MP, Android 6.0 Marshmallow/Nougat and a Battery size of 2300mAh. Goals: This is the fundamental point of a business, (Royle Laing, 2014). The destinations of the advertising group will be to build the brand mindfulness in the online setting, by connecting with potential clients utilizing computerized stages like web indexes, site, and internet based life. Key methodology: This is the methodology that would be utilized to impart the showcasing data, (Thome, Scavarda, Fernandez Scavarda, 2012). In the online stage, the photographs of Samsung Leader 8 will be appeared with the portrayal, determinations, cost, and advantages of procurement The advanced advertising correspondence plan for Samsung Leader 8. objective Activity program To improve Samsung Leader 8s brand mindfulness by 50 % Taking to Facebook, holding workshops and leading on the web shows through the site. To expand the Sale of Samsung Leader 8 by 28%. Spurring purchasers through dynamic web based promoting and offer after deal administrations. To build the general piece of the overall industry of Samsung Leader 8 by 30% Reinforcing customer connections and keen recruiting through the securing of equipped showcasing staff. Monetary targets Objective Activity program To ge

Volunteering and Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Volunteering and Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Volunteering and Admissions Well, the votes are in (at least about what readers want more information on), and you have stated that you would like to learn more about what things play a factor in admissions.Today, I would like to focus on how we look at students giving back to their community. And for students who are looking at volunteering at UGA, the UGA Center for Leadership and Service is a great place to start. When the counselors in our office are reading admissions applications, one of the things we look at is how an applicant uses their available time. While we can not say an exact amount of emphasis activities count within the review process, it is important to our review. We do not classify one activity as better than another (such as quilting over baseball, or the science club over the debate team). What we are looking at is what you are active in, how active are you (how long have you been involved, leadership, etc), and how has this impacted both you and your community. If you are a part of your schools theater group or sports team, you are both representing your school, performing for an audience, and putting in time and effort. We look at volunteering in the same way, with a focus on commitment and impact on the community. But one thing I want to stress is that UGA does not require community service, and just like other activities, we suggest you only be involved if you truly desire to be involved. Dont come at this situation by looking at it as a way to boost your profile or make your application look better. Do it, or dont do it, because you want to. One thing that is a little more apparent when volunteering is the impact to the community, as (hopefully) a person is volunteering specifically to help out others. This does not mean volunteering is better than another activity, all it means is that tells us more about who is impacted and your motivation. Lastly, I would suggest that if you write about a volunteer experience, especially if you help disadvantaged communities, you should review your essay. More times than we would like to count, our counselors have read an essay where one of the closing lines begins with I am now much more thankful for all that I have. While we understand this response, we hope that your time interacting with a culture, background or situation that is different from yours may bring about personal growth and insight about the larger world. Overall, find activities you love, and if volunteering is one of those activities, we hope you make an impact both for others and yourself.

Volunteering and Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Volunteering and Admissions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Volunteering and Admissions Well, the votes are in (at least about what readers want more information on), and you have stated that you would like to learn more about what things play a factor in admissions.Today, I would like to focus on how we look at students giving back to their community. And for students who are looking at volunteering at UGA, the UGA Center for Leadership and Service is a great place to start. When the counselors in our office are reading admissions applications, one of the things we look at is how an applicant uses their available time. While we can not say an exact amount of emphasis activities count within the review process, it is important to our review. We do not classify one activity as better than another (such as quilting over baseball, or the science club over the debate team). What we are looking at is what you are active in, how active are you (how long have you been involved, leadership, etc), and how has this impacted both you and your community. If you are a part of your schools theater group or sports team, you are both representing your school, performing for an audience, and putting in time and effort. We look at volunteering in the same way, with a focus on commitment and impact on the community. But one thing I want to stress is that UGA does not require community service, and just like other activities, we suggest you only be involved if you truly desire to be involved. Dont come at this situation by looking at it as a way to boost your profile or make your application look better. Do it, or dont do it, because you want to. One thing that is a little more apparent when volunteering is the impact to the community, as (hopefully) a person is volunteering specifically to help out others. This does not mean volunteering is better than another activity, all it means is that tells us more about who is impacted and your motivation. Lastly, I would suggest that if you write about a volunteer experience, especially if you help disadvantaged communities, you should review your essay. More times than we would like to count, our counselors have read an essay where one of the closing lines begins with I am now much more thankful for all that I have. While we understand this response, we hope that your time interacting with a culture, background or situation that is different from yours may bring about personal growth and insight about the larger world. Overall, find activities you love, and if volunteering is one of those activities, we hope you make an impact both for others and yourself.

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators

When the topic of  mosquito control is discussed, thrown into the mix is usually a fervent argument for installing purple martin houses and bat houses. Stores that cater to bird enthusiasts often tout the purple martin houses as the best solution for keeping your yard mosquito free. Bats, which may not be the most beloved of mammals, are defended with the claim that they consume hundreds of mosquitoes per hour. The truth of the matter is that neither purple martins nor bats provide any significant measure of mosquito control. While both eat mosquitoes, the insect makes up a very tiny portion of their diets. Other animals might have an upper hand on mosquito control, particularly in the fish, other insect, and amphibian classes. Mosquito Munchies For bats and birds, mosquitoes are more like a passing snack. Multiple studies of wild bats have consistently shown that mosquitoes consist of less than 1 percent of their diet. In purple martins, the percentage of mosquitoes in their diet is slightly higher—about 3 percent, at most. The reason is simple. The payoff is small. A bird or a bat that feeds on insects must invest considerable energy in flying around and must catch the bugs in mid-air. Birds and bats are usually seeking the biggest caloric bang for their buck. Given the choice between a mosquito morsel, a hardy beetle, or a mouthful of moth, the mosquito hardly makes the top-10 list. An Efficient Mosquito Natural Predator Gambusia affinis, also known as the mosquitofish, is an American fish that is utilized by some mosquito control districts across the country as a very effective predator of mosquito larvae. As far as natural predators go, the mosquitofish is by far the most efficient natural predator of mosquitoes. The mosquitofish is a voracious predator. In certain studies, mosquitofish have been shown to consume up to 167 percent of their body weight in invertebrate prey, including mosquito larvae, per day. Mosquitofish, as well as small predatory fish such as guppies, can be quite useful in the reduction of mosquito larvae given the right conditions. Other Mosquito Consumers The closely related  dragonflies and damselflies  are natural predators of mosquitoes but do not consume enough mosquitoes to cause a significant impact on the wild mosquito population. Dragonflies are often referred to as mosquito hawks for an unsubstantiated claim of being able to kill thousands of mosquitoes. One thing that does make the dragonfly a better predator than most is that, in the aquatic larval stage, one of their food sources is mosquito larvae. Dragonfly larvae can sometimes live up to six years in this stage. During this phase of life, dragonflies do the most damage to mosquito populations. Frogs, toads, and their young tadpoles are often touted as excellent for mosquito control. In reality, while they do consume their fair share, it is not enough to seriously put a dent in vast mosquito populations. When frogs and toads do consume mosquitoes, it is usually after they have transformed from tadpole to adult.

The Saint Leo Core Value Of Excellence - 1563 Words

The Saint Leo core value of Excellence states, â€Å"Saint Leo University is an educational enterprise. All of us individually and collectively work hard to ensure our students develop the character, learn the skills, and assimilate the knowledge essential to become morally responsible leaders. The success of our university depends upon a conscientious commitment to our mission, vision, and goals.† These values can be illustrated throughout many aspects of the Roman Empire, including daily life, society, and religion. Daily life in Rome depended greatly upon the individual’s economic status. Wealthy individuals lived in homes located on the hills outside of Rome in order to be away from the chaotic noise of city life and unpleasant odors. They also lived expensive lifestyles by owning fanciful furniture and being pampered by servants and slaves. Underprivileged Romans took up residence within the city and lived in constant filth and decrepit homes which were constantly in danger of collapsing or burning down. Regardless whether rich or poor, tenement or villa, the fundamental social unit throughout the empire was the family, and from the early days of the Republic, the existence of the family centered entirely on the concept of paterfamilias- the male head of the household had the power of life and death over all members of the family. (Wasson, 2013) Over time the immense power of the male of the household would diminish and power was given to the woman of the house. The woman ofShow MoreRelatedIs Saint Leo University Core Value Of Excellence?1099 Words   |  5 Pages Web 2.0 PTA Presentation Frances Perez Dr. Nicole Binder EDU 525 Data Driven Decisions Saint Leo University Smith Data Presentation The YouTube video is located at: https://youtu.be/vK3MytG-AOc Based on the trend data from Smith Middle School, there is a drop in FCAT scores from 7th to 8th grade in both Reading and Math (Binder, 2016). A 40% proficiency in 8th grade Mathematics is not acceptableRead MoreObservational And Social Learning Theory Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the validity of the Observational/Social Learning Theory. I will investigate what the observational/social learning theory is and its use in an everyday classroom environment. I will also relate this learning theory to any relevant Saint Leo core values. What is the observational/social learning theory? The observational learning theory, sometimes called the social learning theory, states that an individual can learn by observing another person’s (i.e. model) behavior or actions. â€Å"An observer’sRead MoreHow Do the Principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Relate to the Saint Leo University Core Value of Community?997 Words   |  4 PagesThe principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights relates to the Saint Leo Universities core value of community in a lot of different ways. Part of Saint Leo’ mission statement is to create a student-centered environment in which love of learning is of prime importance. Members of the community are expected to examine and express their own values, listen respectfully to and respond to the opinions of others, serve the community in which they live, welcome others intoRead MoreWhat Are Human Rights? Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, this is evident at â€Å"Saint Leo University†. Saint Leo University has incorporated six core values into the heart of the Universities community. These core values are Excellence, Community, Respect, Personal Development, Responsible Stewardship, and Integrity(Saint Leo University, n.d). While evaluating these core values, I thought to myself, what do any of these values have to do with the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights? WhileRead MoreSaint Leo University Core Values and Apa Code of Conduct994 Wo rds   |  4 PagesSaint Leo University Core Values and APA Code of Conduct At Saint Leo University we have a Values Statement that contains six basic core values. They are as follows; Excellence, Community, Respect, Personal Development, Responsible Stewardship, and Integrity, each with a definition of what they mean to the university. As with all core values, these are a set of standards we strive to live by. These values all have individual definitions and meanings, some of which can be subjective to mostRead MoreStds Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation through interventions, improving socioeconomic status, surveillance and epidemiologist, our reported rates of STDs will significantly drop down St Leo Excellence The Universities core value of excellence fits right in with community health improvement initiatives to turn the negative of the STD epidemic to a positive. Excellence – Saint Leo University is an educational enterprise. All of us, individually and collectively, work hard to ensure that our students develop the character, learn theRead MoreCareer Goals And How Will An Mba From Saint Leo University Assist You For Reaching Those Goals?934 Words   |  4 Pages1. What are your professional goals and how will an MBA from Saint Leo University assist you in reaching those goals? I aspire to become an attorney who operates a firm that specializes in matters involving international business and family law. My aspirations of becoming an attorney directly aligns with the Master’s of Business Administration program offered at Saint Leo University. My professional goals as an executive and future attorney requires me to attain the highest level of professionalRead MoreA Glimpse Inside Alcoholics Anonymous1662 Words   |  7 PagesA Glimpse Inside Alcoholics Anonymous â€Å"Animated in the spirit of Jesus Christ, we value all individuals’ unique talents, respect their dignity, and strive to foster their commitment to excellence in our work. Our community’s strength depends on the unity and diversity of our people, on the free exchange of ideas, and on learning, living, and working harmoniously (Saint Leo University Core Values, Respect). Introduction. I decided I wanted to visit an Alcoholics Anonymous group meeting in my localRead MoreThe Vaule of Personal Development in The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri1209 Words   |  5 PagesIn Italian Dante Alighieri (1265) Poem, The Divine Comedy Inferno, Translated by Mark Musa. Dante demonstrates the value of personal development which is the ability to keep a balanced life and continuously learn from past mistakes in order to create a better future. Dante begins the poem wrapped in his own thoughts and suffering but by the end of the poem he begins to understand other’s sufferings beyond his own. In his growth throughout his journey he learns about pain and sorrow that he cannotRead MoreCommunication Management Problems Associated With Advertising And Promotion1302 Words   |  6 Pagesit important to apply the Saint Leo core value of community when working with your peers (both in the classroom and in the work environment)? Give an example of how the core valu e was applied in the discussion. There are different issues with communication in advertising. The class as a whole had a lot of the same communication issues. The main issues that were consistent are clutter of advertisement, the use of emotional connections, and technology. Excellence Saint Leo University is an instructive

Customer Relationship Mgmt - 6880 Words

Examination Paper: Customer Relationship Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Customer Relationship Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of Multiple Choice questions Short notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part One questions carry 1 mark each Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part One: Multiple Choices: 1. High congruence means: a. High probability of success b. Low probability of success c. Zero probability of success d. None of the above 2. Novo Jim’s excellent resource book for Recency, Frequency and Monetary is: a. Drilling high b. Digging the top c. Cutting edges d. Drilling down 3. What stands for ‘R’ in FURPS? a. Responsibility b.†¦show more content†¦With the growing competition in the market, the profitability of the plant had declined which greatly concerned the top management. After reviewing the situation, it was found that the human element was the biggest hurdle in achieving the set targets. There was a need to bring in attitudinal change, as both, the absenteeism and the union interference were high. This union was formed after the workers had felt that the management was exploiting them. Most of the workers had been there since the inception of the plant and the turnover was almost negligible. There was a stron g union present in the plant, which was affiliated to INTUC. The plant managers entered into a long term settlement with the union to set the daily wages and the terms and conditions of work. The long term settlement was renewed every 3 years. The workers were working in 30-day night shifts in a month. Being a textile unit, it was a process industry wherein hurdle at one point of the process would stop the whole production. Moreover, if there were delay in the takeover of the shift, the output of the entire day would be affected. In the matters of indiscipline, the workers were charge sheeted and dismissed arbitrarily. In chronic cases, the worker had to wear a badge with a slogan â€Å"I will not repeat the mistake again† for the entire day on his uniform. The company started thinking of corporate governance and hired the services of Narayan Murthy, AGM (P A and ER) for the JabalpurShow MoreRelatedJet Blue Hits Turbulence964 Words   |  4 PagesSaul Ruiz MGMT 320 Jet Blue Hits Turbulence Case Study 1. What types of information systems and business functions are described in this case? The information systems and business functions described in this case are Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM, and Executive Support systems (ESS). The TPS system is responsible for tracking ticket reservations and transactions. The CRM systems provide customers the ability to communicate withRead MoreManagerial Analysis : Ulta Beauty Corporation1682 Words   |  7 Pages Managerial Analysis: Ulta Beauty Corporation Georgina Idjagboro 29 June 2015 MGMT 300 Professor Waddleton Ulta Beauty was founded in 1990 and is now the largest beauty and cosmetics retail giant in the nation. The cosmetic industry earns a whopping $245 billion dollars on average a year. Ulta Beauty’s’ long term strategic plan focuses on developing a prestigious shopping environment, and salon services for its market. The corporation is able to achieve this by four differentRead MoreCrm Concepts Approach3567 Words   |  15 Pagesimplementation of an integrated series of customer-oriented technology solutions CRM is a holistic strategic approach to managing customer relationships in order to create shareholder value 18-Nov-2009 4 Relationship Marketing 18-Nov-2009 5 Classification of CRM Analyst firms classify CRM into several types: Operational CRM Analytical CRM Collaborative CRM Other terminology used in the CRM market includes Strategic CRM e-commerce CRM Partner relationship marketing or PRM 18-Nov-2009 6 Read MoreIbm Canada Ltd: Implementing Global Strategy4564 Words   |  19 Pagesresponsibility for - among other things - introducing, maintaining and retiring software programs to support IBM Canadas business needs. On October 12, 2009, Silvanovich was speaking to his Canadian executive team about the progre ss ofthe global customer relationship management (CRM) rollout. He stated: In an ideal world, we would be fully switched over within two months, as is indicated in the plan. About half of our employees have completed training on the new program and are ready to be switchedRead MoreMgmt 340 Full Course Project: Petries Electronics978 Words   |  4 PagesMGMT 340 Full Course Project: Petries Electronics Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/MGMT%20340/mgmt-340-full-course-project-petries-electronics Product Description MGMT 340 Week 1 Project: Company Overview PackagePetries Electronics Case, Chapter 2, Questions 1, 2, and 4 1. How do information systems projects get started in organizations? 2. How are organizational information systems related to company strategy? 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Taylor father of scientific mgmt separate planning function from execution. Henry Ford total Q practices. 1920 Bell Telephone Labs development of new theories methods of inspection. Pioneers of QA: Walter Shewhart (statistics QC), Harold dodge, George Edwards, Joseph Juran, W. Edwards Dening. Post WWII: 40s 50s shortage of civilian goods in the US made production priority, Q remained in its own dept. Top mgmt showed little interest in Q relied on mass inspectionRead MoreStrategy Analysis of Ebay2687 Words   |  11 PagesMGMT 314: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT 1: CASE STUDY – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE CHALLENGES FACING EBAY IN 2008: TIME FOR A CHANGE IN STRATEGY? 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Audit and Assurance in Australia

Questions: (1). Assume you are an auditor and are facing the following separate circumstances .All the following items are material .You can assume that management have refused to make any changes necessary to make the financial report true and fair so that the circumstances mentioned still exist. a. The value of the write off for the Allowance for Doubtful Debts is inadequate .Management are unwilling to adjust it although the amount leads to a material misstatement of Accounts Receivable. The amount of the misstatement is limited to the Receivables and is able to be calculated. b. A retailer provides a valuation for inventory at sales price less an allowance for sales margin. c. The Block company has just been advised that its main customer who purchases 45% of its stock has just gone into liquidation.Due to the specific nature of its products Block company is unlikely to find another customer of this size.Block has been starting to have difficulties in making sufficient sales to continue ope rating. d. The Croucher company has been valuing its buildings using the fair value method .Its buildings are currently shown in the balance sheet at their current market value of 18.5 million. The buildings had originally cost 12 million. e. The Kaycee company values its inventory at LIFO and is unwilling to change it to FIFO as required by the Australian accounting standards.The amount of the misstatement is known and is limited to its effect on the inventory . f. The Genome company has prepared its financial statements but has left out details of its related party disclosures due to privacy issues.This information is required to be included under the Australian accounting standards and while the effects are material they are able to be calculated. Required: For each of the above situations state the Audit Opinion that should be given with a brief reason/explanation related to each one . (2). The Office Two company sells various stationery and office equipment through its stores .It sells items both at its shopfront and through its internet order service .Orders accepted over the phone are delivered in the Sydney metropolitan area within one day . All sales are made for cash.The following are the procedures for sales. a. Customers in the store pay for their stationery giving the cash to a staff member at the desk .The staff member creates an Invoice and gives the customer a receipt on a copy of the Invoice . b. Customers who have ordered over the phone are given a sales order number by the staff member who prints two copies of the order.The staff member then collects the items from the store and arranges delivery of the order ,giving the goods and the invoice copies of the order to the driver. c. The driver delivers the goods to the customer collects the cash from the customer and receipts the customers copy of the invoice. d. The driver returns and hands over the cash and the second copy of the Invoice to a staff member in the store. e. At the end of each day each staff member gives all cash they taken to the Store Manager who locks it in the safe overnight. f. The next day the staff manager opens the safe and takes the cash to the bank alone . Required: Identify the weaknesses in the above procedures. Answers: (1). a. In this particular question, problem arises from writing off allowance for doubtful debts in inadequate manner. Management showed no interest in changing necessary adjustments for provision on bad debts in financial reports for the same (Whittington and Pany 2012). It is necessary to understand audit concept of the situation as far as possible. Company should conduct annual audit for reviewing accounts receivable in detailed analysis. Accounts receivable includes largest assets. Auditors need to change considerable amount of time for gaining assurance for future analysis purpose. Management needs to conduct audit activities for trace receivables in general ledger as well as calculating receivable reports. It investigates on reconciling items as well as testing invoices in receivable reports in the most appropriate way. It matches with shipping log and confirms with accounts receivable in reviewing cash receipts in an effective way (Whittington 2011). b. In this particular question, it requires addressing issues relating valuation of sales prices in allowance with sales margin for the same (Stuart 2012). Auditors have reviewed that revenue recognition poses issues in case of consignment sales, round-trip sales as well as refunding and returning the rights. Management are under pressures in misstating revenues in encouraging investors for impressing upper-level management as well as Board of Directors for the same. Auditors should solve the issues by conducting analytical procedures like running of financial ratio. It compares ways for setting industry benchmarks in the most appropriate way. In case of revenue cycle, auditors should examine gross profit margin as well as amount of growth in experiencing in one year in an effective way (Scott and Jacka 2011). It analyzes organization maximum capacity of sales and facilities of employees for full utilization for future analysis purpose. c. In this particular question, auditors need to solve issues of Block Company. It has gone into liquidation by main customers at 45% for the same (Reding 2011). Auditors need to conduct sales audit in the near future. Auditors need to take corrective actions on Block Company depending upon sales audit as far as possible. Sales audit is comprehensive as well as periodic interpretation of business environment and determination of areas in gaining opportunities in the most appropriate way. It recommends proper course of action as well as improving the sales performance of Block Company. Sales audit begins with aim in recruiting hiring procedures of sales staff members (Pflugarth 2011). It needs to complete record of personnel in relation with backgrounds, experience as well as method of selection of Block Company. d. In this particular question, auditors need to solve issues faced by Croucher Company for future analysis purpose. It is noticed that buildings are valued under fair value method that needs correction as far as possible. Fair value is used for financial reporting system as far as possible. It uses wide range of measuring financial instruments at fair value analysis (Louwers 2011). It calculates impairments in recording assets and liabilities for the same. It needs to assume for business combination in accordance with accounting standard. Account standard setters should continue in turning fair value realisation of in relevant measure of assets as well as liabilities in financial reporting measures in an overall manner (Scott and Jacka 2011). e. In this particular question, company shows unwillingness in changing deprecation method from LIFO method to FIFO method in the near future. It needs to use FIFO in accordance with Accounting Standard. Audit client needs to evaluate in the ending valuation for transferring amount for future analysis purpose (Leung 2011). It transfers amount from the balance sheet transactions for inventory account as well as income statement analysis in the most appropriate way. f. In this particular question, Genome Company had avoided details of party related disclosure that harms reputation of business organization on an adverse manner. It needs to be calculated as per AASB and FASB accounting for future analysis purpose (Kemp 2013). Auditor should involve in maintaining confidentiality of information for smooth functioning of business organization. (2). This particular company sells stationary as well as office equipment through its stores. It aims at selling shop front as well as through internet order services for the same. It identified certain weakness that company does not accept credit from the vendor (Hooks 2011). Credit transactions help in attracting vendor for smooth functioning of business organization. In this case, it is advisable that accountant is appointed for calculation of sales invoices using computerized system. Manual calculation is time-consuming and has the possibility of errors for the same. Customers are paying in cash at the purchase of stationary from the shop. It requires creation of sales invoices in computerised form for proper ways. In case of order given by phone, customers are given sales order number for verification purpose. It is advisable to evaluate print payment system and delivered the goods on timely manner (Hall and Hall 2011). Staff members should evaluate in giving proper attention of the sales invoice for future analysis purpose. It needs computerised way of handling work in the near future. In the next step, driver delivers the goods to the customers as well as collects cash from the customers. This particular company compares deposits for registering as well as invoice totals for the same. It exactly matches with auditing cash sales for a particular period. It solves issues relating cash-handling problems in business operations in an overall manner (Arens 2012). It examines deposits slips in case of cash and check totals in the most appropriate way. It matches sales figures for victim of lapping (Scott and Jacka 2011). Lapping is a case whereby employees remove check from register as well as is recorded in an effective way. It checks over the days sales in reporting for future analysis purpose. Employee places for checking register as well as removing an identical amount of cash. Sales totals match with deposit totals in losing money (Arens 2011). It records cash totals for indicating removing money in case of sales register. It revolves around comparison with inventory sales figures. It needs to examine customer orders. It includes accounts receivable for representing on customers purchases. It based upon credit transactions for invoicing customers. It needs to compare invoices for checking and receipts for the same. It checks sales invoice in examining deposit records in accounts receivable incomes. It helps in examining bills lading especially from stationary department (Whittington and Pany 2012). In case of cash transactions, it includes total outstanding accounts receivable. It includes any invoices from the viewpoint of customers in against outstanding accounts receivable. In this particular case, it needs to check on the store manager for collection of cash from the customers in the most appropriate way (Whittington and Pany 2012). It needs to check on the outstanding accounts receivable as well as total cash receipts in payment with credit cards. It represents total revenues for specified period. It includes total revenues equals gross sales for specified period for auditing reports. Auditor tests controls over company in sales cycle and determination of reliability actions discussed in the financial statements. Auditors need to select random sample of transactions for future analysis purpose (Scott and Jacka 2011). Auditor determines for financial statements for sales amount as well as accounts receivable for verification of individual transactions in an overall manner. Company uses audit for own procedures as well as transactions in ensuring controls in a strong manner (Whittington and Pany 2012). Internet audit depends upon employee fraud as well as designing control over process for future analysis purpose. Reference List Arens, A. (2011).Auditing, assurance services ethics in Australia. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Arens, A. (2012).Auditing, assurance services and ethics in Australia. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Hall, J. and Hall, J. (2011).Information technology auditing and assurance. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Hooks, K. (2011).Auditing and assurance services. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Kemp, S. (2013).Auditing, assurance and ethics handbook 2013. Milton, Qld: Wiley. Leung, P. (2011).Modern auditing assurance services. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Louwers, T. (2011).Auditing assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Pflugarth, G. (2011).Auditing, assurance and ethics handbook 2011. [Frenchs Forest, N. S. W.]: Pearson Australia. Reding, K. (2011).Internal auditing. Altomonte Springs, Fla. Scott, P. and Jacka, J. (2011).Auditing social media. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Stuart, I. (2012).Auditing and assurance services. Whittington, O. (2011).Principles of auditing other assurance services. [Place of publication not identified]: Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Whittington, R. and Pany, K. (2012).Principles of auditing other assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Southwest Airlines Company and Industry Analysis free essay sample

The company’s vision was a low-cost, no-frills airline that was safe, affordable, and fun. Out of that vision, and following and arduous inception, the company has become one of the largest U. S, airlines, getting more travelers to their destinations than any other U. S. airline, and making a profit while doing it. Southwest Airlines was founded and based out of Houston at a time when the city was seeing a growth in commercial and industrial business. The founders of Southwest Airlines believed there was a demand for convenient and consistent flights between large cities, particularly amongst businessmen. Their observations led them to eventually opt for a low cost business strategy with the initial goal of keeping their fares comparable to the cost of making the trip by car. To balance this strategy, the founders also recognized the importance of providing outstanding customer service to bolster the airline’s image and gain customer confidence and loyalty. We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Airlines Company and Industry Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today Southwest has a fleet of 527 aircrafts serving 64 cities in 32 states. Southwest focuses on affordable travel with a strategy which is not built on hub airports but rather flights between pairs of cities, point-to-point. Routes are established where there are enough passengers travelling and a high number of flights per day, with an opportunity to add more flights over time. The company has short turnaround times to keep the plans in the air more hours than rivals. It also has the lowest customer complaints per passengers and a low lost baggage rate as well as high on time arrivals. Southwest Airlines has stayed true to its founding goals and the company’s present success is a direct result of those two key factors. In executing its primary goal to remain the low cost leader, Southwest Airlines could be described as having â€Å"no-frills†. The company keeps its costs low so it can keep its fares low by flying point-to-point rather than through hubs, by only offering one class of service, by utilizing electric ticketing systems to save on paper, and by selling flights directly through its website to eliminate agent fees. Furthermore, through the company’s rigorous fuel hedging tactic, Southwest has saved billions of dollars in fuel costs while operating one type of airplane, which has simplified and improved the airline. All of the aforementioned factors have consistently contributed to lowering Southwest’s operating costs and increased its profitability. Competitor rivalry is a strong force, as there are a lot of similar sized competitors with little differentiation in products and customers are price sensitive. The threat from new entrants is weak due to the high startup costs and high competition that is already in the industry. The bargaining powers of substitutes are weak, traveling by trains and busses means more time than air travel. The bargaining power of buyers is high since the buyer switching cost is low and customers are price sensitive. Also, since customers can book tickets through websites like Expedia or Orbitz, which searches through all available flights and offers customized low prices. Suppliers have a strong bargaining power in the airline industry. In markets today, there is often a concept that price and value are inversely related. As part of its key success factors, Southwest Airlines sought to overcome this notion by focusing on adding worth in the form of exceptional customer service. From the highest administrators to the lowest attendants, Southwest’s employees are often hired based more on their attitude rather than their aptitude. Southwest believes that skills can be taught, but genuine courtesy and a fun-loving spirit cannot. By providing this exceptional service experience, Southwest Airlines has found a way to offer â€Å"more value for less money. † Since 1973, Southwest Airlines has had positive income statements and this has proved that the airline can remain profitable even in the most turbulent economic conditions. Despite its success however, Southwest faces numerous forces that could potentially erode its profitability. Rising fuel costs, increasing government regulations, and ongoing public fear of terrorist attacks, are some of the key issues the company is forced to face. First, as a discount airline carrier, Southwest was designed to service a small number of high capacity routes rather than a broad spectrum of diverse destinations. Secondly, increasing debt to the company that has prided itself on paying close attention to bottom line profitability. A third issue that Southwest faces is one that is less tangible but very real. The potential drop in general airline traffic due to increasing internet communications in the form of videoconferencing could mean less business travel. If business travel declines, Southwest may want to shift its focus to vacationers and casual travelers. Southwest Airlines was founded on the tenet of fiscal conservatism primarily with maintaining low levels of debt. Southwest has experienced an increase in debt from 2003 to the present. In the short span of 4 years, the debt-to-equity ratio has increased by . 5 percent. Factors that might have contributed to an increase in debt may include expense of employee separation packages, lawsuits against Southwest, and much needed system operations upgrade. While this may not be a significant problem right now, the company could decrease its current debt levels by keeping more thorough maintenance records thus avoiding potential lawsuits. Utilizing new technology and continuing to hedge with futures contracts on oil can cut the company’s rising fuel costs. While Southwest’s flight routes have been the cornerstone to its success, it could stand to become more geographically diverse. That stated, it is recommended that the company continue to stay out of larger U. S. irports and instead diversify itself throughout Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. The company should research the international markets and simply duplicate its current business strategy on a more global scale. It is recommended that the company should consider acquiring smaller low-cost domestic airlines and look outside of the U. S. for new potential markets. If Southwest Airlines is able to successfully do this, they will be able to undermine existing larger carrier airlines and will create a new revenue stream.

Obesity in nursing essays

Obesity in nursing essays Societies perception about the perfect person is best known to have the perfect body. The healthy habit I have decided to write on is being overweight. Being overweight has many effects on children as well as adults. As an overweight child he or she has many problems growing up. For instance larger kids are more likely to be rejected by other children because of their size. Children are also teased more and they also have fewer friends because they are so called different. In the book Essential Concepts for Healthy Living it says that, As in the adult population, the number of overweight school age children is increasing in the United States. About 12% to 14% of American children are seriously overweight. For adults they also have problems being overweight. For instance health issues come into play when they can have heart problems, diabetes, and other health problems. Obesity also limits their ability to move around and to work out. Adults also have the stereotype to live up to as being muscular or slim. Being overweight also makes it harder to find a partner and it also limits success in work. The reason being overweight is important to me is because at one time I was very obese. I have lost about 50 pounds and I am still overweight but I am still loosing. The reason this issue is important to me is because I want to feel good about myself, and the way I look, and I always want to be physically healthy. It is important to me also, because I want to lesson my chance of getting heart diseases and other diseases to being overweight.( www.webmd.com) This is a big problem in the United States because of fast food and the lack of exercise.( Journal of Advanced Nursing ) I also dont want to have an early death because being overweight lessons your life expectancy and I dont want to put my family through this. I also think that being overweight can cause emotional problems and this can ca...

American Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Presidency - Essay Example An interrelated program of domestic-policy reforms characterized the Reagan policy agenda. We see this in the administrations work to reduce the size and scope of the federal government, which entailed lowering federal taxation and domestic spending as well as the deregulation and returning of the power to the states.i The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 was the first of changes that Reagan launched in his pursuit of his domestic policy. This legislation brought about far-reaching budget cuts and policy shifts and is considered to be one of Reagan’s major achievements in domestic policymaking. Besides significantly trimming domestic spending and trimming the federal government’s role in domestic program areas, the legislation had two other significant effects: first, it substantially changed welfare programs, and second, it increased the proportion of federal grant funds that are channeled to the states and reduced the share paid to local units of government.i i Reagan’s experience as governor of California, prior to his election as President, influenced his attitude toward domestic policy. As governor, Reagan became convinced that the states could play the major role in running domestic programs such as welfare. He saw in this experience that domestic policy choices are best made at the state level and that this philosophy became the foundation of his New Federalism. Reagan emphasized this in his 1982 State of the Union address: Our citizens feel they have lost control of even the most basic decisions made about the essential services of government, such as schools, welfare, roads, and even garbage collection. They are right. A maze of interlocking jurisdictions and levels of government confronts the average citizen in trying to solve even the simplest of problems. They do not know where to turn to†¦ who to hold accountable.iii For Reagan

Historical Geography of North America Journal Review Essay

Historical Geography of North America Journal Review - Essay Example Mann's sources are recognizable experts in this arena and the article cites them prolifically. While many of Mann's points make enough logical and reasonable sense to dispel the widely held romantic version of the early settlements, the author's arguments rely on a connect-the-dots logic in the absence of a complete historical record. The author succeeds in making the point that the early American settlers were not faced with the typically romantic ideal of cooperation with the environment and struggling against Mother Nature. Instead, he paints a stark picture of famine, disease, and constant hardship replete with starvation and cannibalism. His vision of the Europeans being able to stave off hostile attacks from the Natives is based on the theory that the Natives had been severely weakened by Malaria. Mann also dispels the myth of Pocahontas saving the life of John Smith in 1607. However, this is a literary story that is part of America's myth and hardly an historical moving revelation. The real power of the article is the sense the author gives us that, "Much of what we learned in grade school about the New World encountered by the colonists at Jamestown turns out to be wrong". It demands further investigation and invites a more deeply researched debate. The author contends that the ecology of ... s little evidence offered for the damage done by the earthworm purportedly imported in European soil, it has been long held that the agricultural practices of Europe had a profound effect on the New World. The author also magnifies the destruction that domesticated animals did to the native's farmland, and the resulting tensions between the Natives and the Europeans. Here again, the author gives a reasonable view of animal farming in New England of large animals running wild and destroying the crops of the Natives. However, the evidence is anecdotal and does not consider the viewpoint that it may have been more likely that the animals were restrained and managed as they were in England, as that would be in the best interest of the settlers. However, Mann's point that they altered the ecological landscape cannot be refuted. The strength of the article, apart from its intellectual stimulation, is its contention that European farming and agricultural practices forever transformed the landscape. Mann explains why the different approaches held by the Natives and Europeans to the concept of property ownership came at odds and favored the Europeans. The Native culture believed in a constantly evolving landscape where property rights would shift according to need and use. The Europeans believed in private property ownership and were thus able to accumulate property. The introduction of new plants and controlled agriculture invaded the New World and left a permanent change on the face of America. There can be little argument that tobacco and corn changed the soil, the land, the people, and the economy of the New World. In conclusion, this article is a well-written consensus of a number of noted experts. While it may be somewhat shy of hard evidence, the incomplete historical

Determining Cognitive Functioning of Individual

Determining Cognitive Functioning of Individual Serial assessment in neuropsychology is necessary to make inferences regarding an individual’s level of functioning, i.e. to determine whether there has been ‘real’ improvement or decline, outside of measurement error, normal variation and clinically insignificant change [1]. A number of psychometric methods have been developed in order to interpret changes in test scores over repeated occasions of assessment. The associated problems and processes that are involved in delineating observed scores into their subcomponents of measurement error and true scores are complex and problematic [1]. Acquiring knowledge and understanding of issues pertaining to measurement error, such as the standard error of measurement (SEM,) is crucial to accurate interpretation of neuropsychological test results and change scores. The SEM refers to the total error variance of a set of obtained scores, where the obtained scores are an unbiased estimate of an individual’s true score [2]. It is the standard deviation (SD) of an individual’s test scores had the specified test been undertaken multiple times, and is calculated by multiplying the baseline SD of a measure by the square root of one minus the reliability coefficient of the measure [3]. The SEM is inversely related to a test’s reliability, such that larger SEMs reflect less reliable tests, and therefore denote diminished accuracy with the measure taken and the scores obtained [1]. This leads to greater variability within a test battery and thus any interpretation of results in such a case should be undertaken with a considerable degree of caution [4]. SEMs are useful in preventing the unwarranted attachment of significant meaning to between-score differences. That is, SEMs and their corresponding confidence intervals may overlap, indicating that some of the observed score difference may actually be attributable to error in measurement [1]. However, whilst the SEM is useful for estimating the degree of measurement error, it is not a suitable predictive measure as it is based on a distribution that presumes true score knowledge, which will always be unknown as tests do not have perfect reliability. As such, utilising the standard error of estimate (SEE) for such purposes may be the more appropriate method [2]. The SEE is a method which utilises a regression-based approach and measures the dispersion of predicted scores [5]. The SEE reflects the SD of true scores when the observed score is held constant, and is the statistic from which confidence intervals should be constructed [2]. The construction of confidence intervals is closely related to a test’s reliability. More reliable tests, in terms of internal consistency, represent homogeneity within the test itself. Thus, the associated confidence intervals will encompass a more narrow range of scores, with the resulting estimate being more precise [2]. It is therefore necessary to consider a test’s reliability coefficient, as below a certain point, the utility of a test is compromised [2]. Furthermore, as the reliability of a test is the single largest factor in determining the degree of change needed to occur over time from which the observed difference can be deemed to reflect actual change, using tests with high reliability coefficients is of paramount importance [6]. The consideration of measurement error in neuropsychological test results may also incorporate the assessment of observed score differences in terms of clinical significance. Clinically significant change can be interpreted on the basis of whether an individual’s change in test performance over two occasions reflects sufficient improvement, so that the individual has shifted classification categories, for example from ‘impaired’ to ‘normal’ [6]. Therefore, if a change is to be considered clinically significant, the tests being used to assess observed score differences need to be reliable. However, interpreting clinically significant change may also be problematic. Whilst there may be a considerable observed change in test scores from one measurement occasion to the next, if the starting point is at the extreme low end of a category, and the end point is at the extreme high end of a category, then an individual’s classification will not change and clinically significant improvement will not be deemed to have occurred [6]. This is a problematic interpretation as these changes may well have had important functional consequences for the individual that underwent assessment, and thus it is important to employ sensible clinical judgement [6]. Caution also needs to be applied to the interpretation of statistically reliable change, to avoid the implication that it represents real change. In reality, the observed change may instead reflect measurement error [6]. Statistically meaningful differences may also be a common occurrence within a particular population [7], but these are not necessarily clinically significant differences. Whilst neuropsychological test interpretation must consider, amongst other things, base rates of expected differences and abnormalities, the number of measures in a battery must also be taken into account, as abnormal performance on a proportion of subtests within a battery should be regarded as psychometrically normal [4]. A number of methods for calculation of reliable change have been proposed, adopted and further modified. These methods are usually given the designation of Reliable Change Index (RCI), and are used to estimate the effect of error variance on test score accuracy [6]. The value of the RCI is used to indicate the probability of the difference between two observed scores being the result of measurement error, and thus if the resulting probability is low, the difference is likely due to factors external to the test itself [1]. The notion of reliable change originated in classical test theory, with the standard error of the difference used as the criterion for determining whether an observed difference is credible under the null hypothesis of no real change [8]. However, the original, unmodified classical approach assumes that there are no practice effects. Certain subsequent variations of this approach have aimed to account for practice effects, in one of two ways. Either by a simple adaptation of the Jacobson and Truax approach (a widely used, simplified version of the classical approach, called the JT index), or via estimation of true change by using a regression equation, with the latter method being the favoured alternative in this context [8]. This regression-based approach does not require the test scores at each of the time points to have equal variance, and thus practice effects can occur [6]. There are many further approaches to calculation of RCIs, with no real consensus about which method is superior and should represent the ‘gold standard’ approach [8]. Furthermore, whilst RCI methods do have a number of advantageous features, there are still inherent limitations when considering factors such as real change that remains undetected if it falls below the RCI threshold [6]. Additionally, whilst reliable change methodology adjusted for practice effects has the potential to reduce measurement error and improve clinical judgement, it utilises a constant value the group mean – and so does not take into account the full range of possible practise effects, nor does it traditionally account for regression to the mean, so that error estimates are not proportional to the extremities of observed changes [1]. However, this methodology does at least provide a systematic and potentially empirically valid approach to assessment of real change [6]. In contrast, whil st regression methods do also have their own inherent limitations, such as greater utility in larger sample sizes, these are considered less extensive than RCI methodology [1]. The methods discussed thus far are primarily distribution-based approaches, meaning that they express observed change in a standardised format. A primary disadvantage of this type of approach is that they are purely statistical measurements which do not reveal the clinical significance of any observed change [9]. Alternative approaches include the use of reference states to estimate the minimal important difference or change, which refers to the smallest change in health quality that the patient is able to perceive and that is considered clinically relevant change [3]. However, these approaches have their own inherent limitations, with direct and subjective patient involvement in the change assessment process increasing the complexity of the measurement [3]. As the determination of an individual’s current cognitive functioning, as well as whether this functioning has improved or declined since prior assessment, is fundamental to the efficacy of clinical neuropsychology, the ability to reliably determine change via comparison of test scores is crucial [6]. However, as has been outlined above, the approaches involved in this determination are varied in their efficacy, and come with inherent limitations. As such, when considering the clinical significance of test results, a patient’s performance needs to be interpreted contextually, taking into account relevant behavioural, medical and historical information, as psychometric variability alone is not sufficient [4]. Furthermore, examination of the functional outcomes of any measured change is crucial, as this is of at least equivalent importance in determining whether improvement or decline has taken place [6]. References 1. Brooks, B.L., et al., Developments in neuropsychological assessment: Refining psychometric and clinical interpretive methods. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2009. 50(3): p. 196. 2. Charter, R.A., Revisiting the standard errors of measurement, estimate, and prediction and their application to test scores. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1996. 82(3c): p. 1139-1144. 3. Rejas, J., A. Pardo, and M.à . Ruiz, Standard error of measurement as a valid alternative to minimally important difference for evaluating the magnitude of changes in patient-reported outcomes measures. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2008. 61(4): p. 350-356. 4. Binder, L.M., G.L. Iverson, and B.L. Brooks, To err is human:â€Å"Abnormal† neuropsychological scores and variability are common in healthy adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2009. 24(1): p. 31-46. 5. McHugh, M.L., Standard error: meaning and interpretation. Biochemia Medica, 2008. 18(1): p. 7-13. 6. Perdices, M., How do you know whether your patient is getting better (or worse)? A users guide. Brain Impairment, 2005. 6(03): p. 219-226. 7. Crawford, J.R., P.H. Garthwaite, and C.B. Gault, Estimating the percentage of the population with abnormally low scores (or abnormally large score differences) on standardized neuropsychological test batteries: a generic method with applications. Neuropsychology, 2007. 21(4): p. 419. 8. Maassen, G.H., E. Bossema, and N. Brand, Reliable change and practice effects: Outcomes of various indices compared. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2009. 31(3): p. 339-352. 9. Ostelo, R.W., et al., Interpreting change scores for pain and functional status in low back pain: towards international consensus regarding minimal important change. Spine, 2008. 33(1): p. 90-94.

The Ancient Art of Feng Shui Essay -- History Research Papers China Es

The Ancient Art of Feng Shui The History of Feng Shui Feng Shui has been practiced in China for thousands of years and is believed to have started in 2953 B.C. when Hu of Hsia found a tortoise that had a perfect "magic square" on its back. From this discovery evolved the I Ching, the oldest book in Chinese history, and possibly the world (Webster 1). This book contains the first written instructions on the theory of Feng Shui. Feng Shui was seen as a sacred power, so much so that in ancient China, only the privileged class had access to the knowledge. There are even stories of members of the Imperial family who went out of their way to obscure the texts in order to prevent those who might be a threat to them from obtaining the sacred knowledge. The first Ming emperor even ordered that the country be flooded with books containing misleading theories and incorrect guidelines on Feng Shui (Too 2). When Chiang Kai Shek fled the mainland he took thousands of books on Feng Shui with him to Taiwan and used its principles in building a regime there. From there it traveled to Hong Kong and eventually to the Western World through Marco Polo (Cassidy). Modern Feng Shui is based on the commentaries from Wang Chi and other scholars from the Sung dynasty, 1126-960 B.C. (Webster 3). What is Feng Shui? Feng Shui is the ancient Chinese art of living in harmony with nature and your surroundings, in order to maximize your health, prosperity and luck. It literally translates as "wind and water" and it involves the placement of buildings in relation to their surroundings, and the placement of furniture within the building in order to maximize the ch’i, the original energy source on the earth, from which everything else was created (Webster 4). As the dragon is seen as the most revered celestial creature of Chinese philosophy, ch’i has been called the breath of the dragon. Ch’i is an invisible energy that circulates throughout the world but also gathers in certain areas. The basic idea of Feng Shui is to harness as much ch’i as possible by allowing it to gather where you are, whether it is in your home or in your office. Ch’i is the life force that is all living things, and can be found, in its perfection wherever things are done perfectly. An arti st who creates a masterpiece is creating ch’i. Through Feng Shui, we are looking for places where ch’i is ac... ...ents and residential, family dwellings. It is the art of placement, a science and a philosophy that was meant to bring harmony through the observance of our environments and how the balance of the energies created can affect all the aspects of our lives. "All we do is connected to Mother Earth and Ch’i, the Natural Order or Energy which permeates the universe" (Feng Shui Innovations). Within the past ten years there has been an amazing amount of interest in this science in the western world as people, for various reasons, look for answers, and search for a way to be in harmony with the world. An ancient Chinese saying lists the five basic principles of successful living: "First comes destiny, and then comes luck. Third comes Feng Shui, and with that comes philanthropy and education" (Webster 33). Works Cited: Cassidy, William L. "www.qi-whiz.com". Feng Shui Innovations. "www.fengshui-innovations.com". Feng Shui Society. "www.fengshuisociety.org.uk/". Too, Lillian. Basic Feng Shui. Oriental Publications, Australia:1997. Webster, Daniel. Feng Shui for Beginners. Llewellyn Publication, St. Paul:1997. Xing, Wu. The Feng Shui Workbook. Tuttle Pub., Boston:1998.

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I am always really impressed and excited by the girlstudents wearing Ao Dai coming out of schools every where in the city at the end of class time. That image is indeed beautiful and so rich in the Vietnamese culture! However, we may be forgetting such a lovely image because of the current tendency for cultural intergration . The white Ao Dai has been gradually replaced by the self-designed skirts matched with shirts as usually seen in the Korean or Japanese movies . Seeing this reality, we, highschool students support the concept of maintaining the Ao Dai as the official uniform for highschool girlstudents. Introduce members of group) So why do we should keep using Ao Dai as school girls’ uniform? 1. First of all, the Ao Dai is a kind of dress that represents most deeply the nationality of the Vietnamese people. People never take the Vietnamese Ao Dai for the Japanese Kimono, for the Korean Hanbok or the Chinese Xam gown. With a long history related to that of the development of the Vietnamese people, the Ao Dai has become a typical tradition, rich in national cultural essence. In other words, the Ao Dai is the national costume for the Vietnamese women.That is why female delegates, leaders’ Ladies dress themselves in Ao Dai at the national or international conferences in order to affirm the sense of national superiority. The contestants for the global beauty contests always wear Ao Dai to promote the Vietnamese image. Right in our country, every day, every hour do we see the Vietnamese women in the national Ao Dai at hotels, restaurants, banks, post offices, schools and offices as well. The Ao Dai bears in itself the image of a country, Vietnam with an abundant cultural core. . The Ao Dai not only symbolizes the national tradition, but also glorifies the beauty of the Vietnamese women, especially the white Ao Dai has been connected with the softness and purity of the Vietnamese girlstudents for long time. With the simple but fine features, the pu rely white Ao Dai brings about the sense of nobility for highschool girlstudents. No one can forget the image of the girlstudents of Dong Khanh Highschool on their way back home. That image has been the endless inspirations for writers and poets since then.Young girlstudents may like the youngness and the modernity of the new fashionable uniforms, but the Ao Dai is always the best choice for the dress that represents the dynamic and modern aspects of present-time girlstudents, but still keeps the non-mistakable of the Vietnamese women. 3. Finally, the Ao Dai honors not only the external beauty but also the internal beauty of the Vietnamese girls’soul more than any other costumes. To some extents, the dress we wear influences our behavior. In this sense, the Ao Dai has educational value.In the white, charming Ao Dai, the girls’ conducts, speech, attitudes and manner are even more valued. That is the thought of holding a representative,and national image ,the preservatio n and the development of the cultural values for the nation. The educational aspect of the Ao Dai not only spreads over the grirlstudents but also over the community . Every day, at any time we can happen to see the Ao Dai on any streets in the city: that is not just a beautiful image , but it is a symbol that reminds people of the typical, traditional, cultural beauty and profound, national sense of superiority.Consequently, for its national, educational and aesthetic values, represented in the girlstudents’ Ao Dai, we strongly recommend the Ao Dai to be the official uniform for highschool girlstudents. Vietnam being in its process of renovation and intergration; we may easily leave the traditional beauties behind. For this reason, we should not allow the imported foreign fashions or styles to bring the Ao Dai into decadence. Beautify ourselves and our city with your white alluring Ao Dai! Toi v? n luon ? n tu? ng va xuc d? ng khi m? i gi? tan tru? ng, nh? ng ta ao dai tr? n g c? a cac b? n n? sinh ua ra kh? cac n? o du? ng thanh ph?. Hinh ? nh ? y th? t d? p va d? m ch? t Vi? t Nam bi? t bao. Th? nhung, v? i xu hu? ng van hoa h? i nh? p hi? n nay, chung ta dang d? n m? t di m? t hinh ? nh d? p nhu th?. Chi? c ao dai tr? ng dang d? n b? thay th? b? i nh? ng b? d? ng ph? c t? thi? t k? , di? n hinh nhu cac ki? u vay k? t h? p v? i ao so mi ma ta v? n thu? ng th? y trong cac b? phim Han Qu? c hay Nh? t B? n. Tru? c th? c tr? ng nay, nhom h? c sinh chung toi mu? n th? hi? n quan di? m v? vi? c chung ta nen duy tri vi? c s? d? ng ao dai nhu d? ng ph? c c? a h? c sinh trung h? c. (Gi? i thi? u nhom)V? y t? i sao chung ta ph? i duy tri vi? c s? d? ng ao dai nhu d? ng ph? c c? a cac n? sinh? 1. Tru? c h? t, ao dai la trang ph? c th? hi? n tinh dan t? c sau s? c c? a ngu? i Vi? t Nam. Ngu? i ta khong th? nh? m l? n ao dai c? a ngu? i Vi? t v? i kimono c? a ngu? i Nh? t, hanbok c? a ngu? i Han hay su? n xam c? a ngu? i Trung Hoa. V? i l? ch s? lau d? i g? n li? n v? i l? ch s? phat tri? n c? a dan t? c VN, ao dai da tr? thanh m? t net truy? n th? ng d? c trung, d? m da b? n s? c van hoa dan t? c. Noi cach khac, ao dai chinh la qu? c ph? c c? a ngu? i VN. Do la ly do vi sao ? cac h? i ngh? qu? gia hay qu? c te, cac n? d? i bi? u hay phu nhan cac nha lanh d? o v? n m? c ao dai d? kh? ng d? nh s? t? ton dan t? c. Cac d? i di? n tham gia cac cu? c thi s? c depk toan c? u luon mang tren minh chi? c ao dai VN d? qu? ng ba hinh ? nh Vi? t. Ngay ? d? t nu? c chung ta, hang ngay, hang gi? chung ta d? u co th? nhin th? y hinh ? nh ph? n? Vi? t trong chi? c ao dai dan t? c ? cac khach s? n, ngan hang, buu di? n, tru? ng trung h? c va cac co quan khac. Nhu v? y, co th? noi r? ng ao dai da mang tren no hinh ? nh c? a c? m? t d? t nu? c Vi? t Nam d? m da b? n s? c van hoa. 2. Ao dai khong ch? ang d? m tinh dan t? c ma ao dai con ton vinh v? d? p c? a ngu? i ph? n? Vi? t Nam va ao dai tr? ng da g? n li? n v? i s? d? u dang, net trong sang c? a ngu? i n? sinh Vi? t t? r? t lau r? i. V? i s? don gi? n nhung tinh t? , chi? c ao dai tr? ng tinh khoi mang d? n c? m giac thanh thoat cho cac n? sinh trung h? c. Khong ai co th? quen du? c hinh ? nh n? sinh D? ng Khanh ngay xua m? i khi tan tru? ng v?. Hinh ? nh ? y cung la ngu? n c? m h? ng cho r? t nhi? u cac thi si tru? c day cho t? i t? n bay gi?. Co th? net hi? n d? i va tr? trung c? a nh? ng ki? u d? ng ph? c m? i khi? n cac b? n n? inh yeu thich, nhung d? v? n v? a th? hi? n tinh nang d? ng, hi? n d? i c? a n? sinh th? i nay ma v? n gi? du? c net d? p khong th? nh? m l? n c? a ngu? i ph? n? Vi? t, ao dai v? n luon la s? l? a ch? n t? i uu nh? t. 3. Cu? i cung, hon b? t c? m? t lo? i trang ph? c nao, ao dai khong ch? ton vinh v? d? p ben ngoai ma con nang cao cai d? p tam h? n ben trong c? a ngu? i con gai Vi? t. B? ng cach nay hay cach khac, trang ph? c ta m? c luon co ? nh hu? ng t? i hanh vi c? a ta. Ao dai co tinh giao d? c theo cach nay. Trong nh? ng ta ao dai tr? ng d? p nh? nha ng, y th? c v? c? ch? , thai d? cach di d? ng va l? i noi c? a cac b? n n? sinh cung du? c nang cao. Do chinh la y th? c v? vi? c gi? gin m? t hinh ? nh d? i di? n c? a m? t dan t? c, la b? o t? n va phat huy nh? ng gia tr? van hoa c? a d? t nu? c. Tinh giao d? c c? a ao dai con co tinh ch? t lan t? a b? i khong ch? rieng cac n? sinh ma toan th? xa h? i d? u du? c giao d? c y th? c. B? i l? , hang ngay, c? m? i gi? d? n tru? ng hay tan h? c, ngu? i ta d? u co th? b? t g? p m? t ta ao dai tr? ng nao do tren b? t ki m? t n? o du? ng nao trong thanh ph?. Do khong ch? la m? t hinh ? nh d? p ma con la bi? u tu? ng nh? c nh? m? ngu? i v? cai d? p van hoa truy? n th? ng d? c trung va long t? ton dan t? c sau s? c. Nhu v? y, b? i tinh dan t? c, tinh th? m m? , va tinh giao d? c th? hi? n ro qua chi? c ao dai n? sinh, chung toi d? cao vi? c duy tri s? d? ng ao dai nhu d? ng ph? c h? c sinh ? tru? ng THPT. D? t nu? c cang d? i m? i va h? i nh? p, chung ta cang d? dang m? t di nh? ng net d? p truy? n th? ng. V? y nen d? ng d? nh? ng thi? t k? th? i trang ngo? i nh? p lam ao dai n? sinh c? a chung ta b? lang quen. Hay t? lam d? p chinh chung ta va lam d? p c? thanh ph? nay v? i nh? ng chi? c ao dai tr? ng c? a cac b? n!

Post Korean War Relations And The Rise Of The People s...

Post Korean War Relations and the Rise of the People’s Republic of China The Korean War was able to develop the People’s Republic of China as a major up and coming nation. The mid 1950s saw the rise of Chinese agricultural collectivization, making them an influential power in the world. With the country improving every year that passes, Mao wanted to move in the direction of Socialism, but was worried that those in the CCP were restricting him on making that leap. In a statement in 1957, Mao claimed that the Imperialist nations, like the United States, are more afraid of Socialist nations than the other way around (p.198). Mao shows how the transition into Socialism has created increased tension between Sino-Soviet relations. He states, â€Å"At present there exists some controversies between Chine and the Soviet Union. Their ways of thinking, behavior, and historical traditions differ from ours† (p.198). 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