Haplology - Definition and Examples in Language

Haplology s in Language Definition A sound change involving the loss of a syllable when its next to a phonetically identical (or similar) syllable. Haplology is a type of dissimilation. Perhaps the best-known example is the reduction of Anglaland in Old English to England in Modern English. The reverse process is known as dittologythe accidental or conventionalized repetition of a syllable. (Dittology also means, more broadly, the double reading or interpretation of any text.) The counterpart of haplology in writing is haplographythe accidental omission of a letter that should be repeated (such as mispell for misspell). The term haplology (from the Greek, simple, single) was coined by American linguist Maurice Bloomfield (American Journal of Philology, 1896). Also Known  As   syllabic syncope Examples and Observations Haplology . . . is the name given to the change in which a repeated sequence of sounds is simplified to a single occurrence. For example, if the word haplology were to undergo haplology (were to be haplologized), it would reduce the sequence lolo to lo, haplology haplogy. Some real examples are:(1) Some varieties of English reduce library to libry [laibri] and probably to probly [prÉ”bli].(2) pacifism pacificism (contrast with mysticism mysticism, where the repeated sequence is not reduced and does not end up as ​mystism).(3) English humbly was humblely in Chaucers time, pronounced with three syllables, but has been reduced to two syllables (only one l) in modern standard English.(Lyle Campbell, Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. MIT Press, 2004)The words library and necessary, especially as spoken in Southern England, are often heard by foreigners as libry and nessary. But when they repeat the words as such, they do not sound right, since there should be a lengthened r and s, respectively, in those words. It shows that foreigners notice the beginning stages of haplology in those words, when there is as yet no complete haplology.(Yuen Ren Chao, Language and Symbolic Systems. Cambridge University Press, 1968) I have often noted that Americans, in speaking of the familiar Worcestershire sauce, commonly pronounce every syllable and enunciate shire distinctly. In England it is always Woostershr.(H.L. Mencken, The American Language, 2nd ed. Alfred A. Knopf, 1921) Also See What Is the Correct Pronunciation of February?AssimilationDissimilationElision

Different Types of Isolines in Geography

Different Types of Isolines in Geography Topographic maps use a wide variety of symbols to represent human and physical features, including isolines, which are often used on maps to represent points of equal value. The Basics of Isolines and Contour Lines Isolines, also referred to as contour lines, can be used to represent elevation on a map by connecting points of equal elevation, for instance. These imaginary lines provide a good visual representation of  the terrain. As with all isolines, when contour lines lie close together, they represent a steep slope; lines far apart represent a gradual slope. But isolines can also be used to show other variables on a map besides terrain, and in other themes of study. For example, the first map of Paris used isolines to depict population distribution in that city, rather than physical geography. Maps using isolines and their variations have been used by astronomer Edmond Halley (of Halleys comet) and by doctor John Snow to better understand an 1854 cholera epidemic in England. This is a list of some common (as well as obscure) types of isolines used on maps to represent different features of the terrain, such as elevation and atmosphere,  distances, magnetism and other visual representations not easily shown on a two-dimensional depiction. The prefix iso- means equal. Isobar A line representing points of equal atmospheric pressure. Isobath A line representing points of equal depth under water. Isobathytherm A line representing depths of water with equal temperature. Isochasm A line representing points of equal recurrence of auroras. Isocheim A line representing points of equal mean winter temperature. Isochrone A line representing points of equal time-distance from a point, such as the transportation time from a particular point. Isodapane A line representing points of equal transport costs for products from production to markets. Isodose A line representing points of equal intensity of radiation. Isodrosotherm A line representing points of equal dew point. Isogeotherm A line representing points of equal mean temperature. Isogloss A line separating linguistic features. Isogonal A line representing points of equal magnetic declination. Isohaline A line representing points of equal salinity in the ocean. Isohel A line representing points receiving equal amounts of sunshine. Isohume A line representing points of equal humidity. Isohyet A line representing points of equal precipitation. Isoneph A line representing points of equal amounts of cloud cover. Isopectic A line representing points where ice begins to form at the same time each fall or winter. Isophene A line representing points where biological events occur at the same time, such as crops flowering. Isoplat A line representing points of equal acidity, as in acid precipitation. Isopleth A line representing points of equal numerical value, such as population. Isopor A line representing points of equal annual change in magnetic declination. Isostere A line representing points of equal atmospheric density. Isotac A line representing points where ice begins to melt at the same time each spring. Isotach A line representing points of equal wind speed. Isothere A line representing points of equal mean summer temperature. Isotherm A line representing points of equal temperature. Isotim A line representing points of equal transport costs from the source of a raw material.

MOVIE ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MOVIE ANALYSIS - Essay Example rrios in Los Angeles, US where football was not given much importance hence, he felt that his dream to be a professional footballer would not be fulfilled and will remain a dream. Even his father felt that it will be an impossible task for him to become a professional footballer and hence, forced him to join the gardening business. With the turn of events, Glen Foy, an ex-footballer an a well wisher of Santiago manages to convince the Newcastle boss to watch Santiago’s play and give him a chance to play for the Newcastle team in England. The boss of Newcastle liked Santiago’s play and they wanted him to go to England to join the club but Santiago did not have the sufficient fund to go to England. His father had stolen his hidden fund to invest in his gardening business, but Santiago’s grandmother arranged the fund by selling off some of her jewelry. He had few initial failures in joining the club but eventually, joins the club but for that he had to hide the fact that he had asthma from the club officials. The asthma problem led him to lot of trouble and even his performance became poor. He was dropped from the club but with support of one of his teammates he regained his position in the club. He practiced very hard and finally got the chance to play for the team in a match against Fulham owing to the injuries of many key players. He utilized the opportunity and scored a goal from a penalty, which finally led Newcastle to win the match. His performance was watched by his father back home in US, who felt very proud about his son’s success. But unfortunately, Santiago’s father died of heart attack just before the important final match of Newcastle against Liverpool. This incident completely demoralized Santiago but he decided to stay back so that he can play in that match. Roz Harmison, who was the nurse of the club also became Santiago’s girlfriend, informed him that his friend Jamie had tore a ligament, and will never be able to play football anymore.

GLOBAL IMPACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GLOBAL IMPACT - Essay Example These segments include the US, Europe, Asia-Pacific region, Middle East, Africa, Canada, and Latin America (McDonalds, 2014). Thus, tourists to other nations, as well as within a country can procure McDonald’s products in a number of locations. In the year 1948, the first McDonald’s was commenced in San Bernardino, California. The owners Mac and Dick McDonald entered into a franchise agreement with Ray Kroc, in the year 1954. After a year had elapsed, Kroc started his first restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois. Kroc proved to be highly enterprising, and by the year 1957, he established 14 McDonald’s restaurants in California, Indiana, and Illinois. Finally, in the year 1961, Kroc acquired McDonald’s from Dick and Mac for $2.7 million (Research and Markets: SWOT & PEST Analysis of McDonalds and Profiles of their Competitors Burger King and Yum!, 2008). Additionally, McDonald’s is distinguished by its Golden Arches, and these made their debut in the year 1962. In the very same year, this distinguished company sold its billionth burger. In the year 1963, Ronald McDonald came to the fore, and McDonald’s brought in its first new item, namely the Filet-O-Fish. This company became a public company in the year 1965, and commenced to advertize its products on the television. In the year 1967, McDonald’s commenced operations abroad, and this was in Canada. The Big Mac was made a part of its menu, in the year 1968, and in that year it opened its 1,000th restaurant (Research and Markets: SWOT & PEST Analysis of McDonalds and Profiles of their Competitors Burger King and Yum!, 2008). The Big Mac and the McDonald’s Golden Arches are well recognized across the globe. Their services offer delicious fast food items and soft drinks to the populace. The annual expansion of McDonald’s, in the 1970s, was approximately 500 restaurants. The advent of the Ronald McDonald House, which provided temporary residence

The Heart of Darkness Essay Example for Free

The Heart of Darkness Essay The Heart of Darkness is a novella written by Joseph Conrad. In this book the main character, Marlow, ventures up the Nile River to find a man named Kurtz. As he continues his journey up river he experiences a vast range of emotions and situations that are putting him to the test to see if he can keep his sanity. One of the situations he encounters are the natives of the Congo. At first they are seen as the primitive savage-like people that live in the darkness of Congo. Their way of life seems so out of the norm that there is no way that Marlow could ever understand or feel equal with them. As his journey continues to find Kurtz, he starts to understand their way of life and figure out the meanings of darkness. In the heart of darkness, Joseph Conrad uses the narrator, Marlow, to portray the evolution of mind on how the idea of darkness is a misconception, and by the end of the novella, the once â€Å"primitive savages† are in reality Marlow’s equals. In the beginning of the voyage up the river Marlow’s mindset on the natives is more of, they live an uncivilized life, killing their own people. Marlow thinks his way of life is more civilized. Eating with forks, wearing shoes. But what Marlow doesn’t see is the point of view of the natives. He doesn’t take into consideration of their definition of norm, their definition of civilized. Marlow thinks that his way is the only right way. The natives are civilized in their own way. The way they were brought up and the way they live. Later on in the journey Marlow’s traditional views of imperialists starts to fade, the people that don’t see the conquered natives as humans. â€Å"It was unearthly, and the men were-No, they were not inhuman. Well, you know, that was the worst of it-this suspicion of their not being inhuman. It would come slowly to one. They howled, and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; but what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity-like yours- the  thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly. Yes, it was ugly enough; but if you were man enough you would admit to yourself that there was in you just the faintest trace of a response to the terrible frankness of that noise, a dim suspicion of there being a meaning in it which you-you so remote from the night of fist ages-could comprehend† He starts to develop a tiny kinship with the natives. He starts to understand their screams. Marlow develops a place in his mind that understan ds where they are coming from and that everyone has some barbarian inside them. Its natural and it is normal. At the end of the journey Marlow doesn’t consider the natives his equal. He views them more as animals or pets. That you can teach them but and they can learn the meaning but not the significance. Essentially it’s like a parent trying to get their kid to stay in bed by telling them there is a monster under it. They will learn commands but they will not reach the full level of sophistication that he has.

A Review Of The Outsiders Club :: Free Essay Writer

A Review of "The Outsiders Club" Screened on BBC 2 in October 96 MA Diploma Disability Studies INTRODUCTION I decided to write a review on the social group known as The Outsiders. The group's main aim is to enable disabled adults to form personal relationships, including specifically sexual ones (Shakespeare 1996), either with each other or with non-disabled members. The group has been in existence for several years, and has attracted a great deal of attention, including reaction from present and former members, and in particular from within the Disabled People's Movement . Many of the comments made by former members of the group have been critical, sometimes highly condemnatory, and frequently made by disabled women (Rae 1984). In both my professional and private capacity I am interested in sexuality and disability, and specifically in the ways in which disabled adults can establish meaningful relationships with other people (disabled or on-disabled). Issues such as sexuality and the forming of relationships are regularly discussed in mainstream youth and community work, but rarely with regard to disabled people (which is not surprising since disabled people are often absent from mainstream groups). Indeed, it is only in the last few years that disabled people themselves have been in the forefront of this debate, and the leading protagonist have usually been activists within the wider disability movement, who are well aware of other social and sexual issues such as gender, sexism, homophobia, and so on. The Outsiders was set up (and is still fronted by) an able bodied woman who for many years has been well known in the controversial arena of sexual liberation and soft-core pornography, so it is hardly surprising that her group has both supporters and critics. A recent BBC-2 documentary series (From the Edge) devoted a whole programme to the group, and this essay picks up the main themes that were aired. SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY Morris (1989) writes "once we first become disabled we are usually denied any form of sexual identity." It is certainly true that among the many negative stereotypes of disability some of the most commonly held views are that disabled people are non-sexual, or sometimes asexual beings, or that they are likely to be attracted only to each other. THE OUTSIDERS CLUB The Outsiders Club was established by Tuppy Owens in 1979. Tuppy, a self- proclaimed stalwart campaigner for sexual equality, and a trained sex therapist. She conceived the idea of a social group for disabled adults after her close male friend, Nigel, became blind. Fearful of the effect of disability ever afflicting her own life - and blindness in particular - she became determined to

Character Analyses Table

Characters – The Story of Tom Brennan Using the information about the other characters given to you by the other groups fill in the boxes below, include: * Adjectives to describe their personal (how they act, what they’re like) and physical characteristics (what they look like) * How they deal with the crash & do they blame themselves for the crash? How? (Include a quote from the novel to illustrate this and explain why this quote is appropriate) * Outline how they have grown or changed throughout the novel (Include a second quote from the novel to illustrate this and explain why this quote is appropriate)Tom BrennanBefore: determined, strong, horny, talented, and athletic. How he dealt with it: Tom blames himself at the start but learns to accept that it was not his fault. He soon sees that he could never have stopped Daniel from getting in the car. â€Å"Tomorrow? I felt my heart slip to the ground†¦ there would be a tomorrow†¦ the world went on, regardless of how I felt†. It shows how Tom is struggling to get through the days and just when it gets better he remembers how crap his life is. Tom changes hugely throughout the book, he works hard to improve his life and become happy again even when he wants to give up. I just wish I was starting to feel a bit better† â€Å"You will, I know you will†. â€Å"Really? † â€Å"Yeah†. â€Å"Do you? † â€Å"Yeah† I answered. â€Å"It’s slow but I can see ahead now, if you know what I mean? † â€Å"Like? † â€Å"Like life being okay again. † I squeezed her hand. Shows how Tom starts to live again. | Daniel BrennanBefore accident: arrogant, Sentenced to 3 years in jail. Blames himself, ashamed of what he has done. He has plenty of time to think about what his done. Daniel improves at the end. Reckless at times. Doesn’t deal with the crash that well because he blames himself for what happened at the beginning.He has a mentor that helps him deal with the accident and then Daniel begins to help someone else. â€Å"Daniel was an accident waiting to happen, just shame that it happened to other people†. From Nicole’s parents. He became sorry and a mentor. This is how he changed throughout the novel. | Kylie BrennanSmoker, stubborn, argumentative. After accident: aggressive, angry, guilty, frightened, secretive and bitchy. Builds a strong relationship with Tom and Daniel. Expresses her feelings through her speech about domestic terrorism.Kylie becomes caring about Fin and made sure he was ok. â€Å"Kyle’s we’ll never be the same, but that doesn’t mean it has to be bad just different†. This show that things can change but doesn’t have to be negative. How she dealt with it: She moved on quickly, but she blamed herself secretly because she encouraged Fin and Claire to get together. She hated herself, and cut her hair off. â€Å"Tell someone who cares Tomà ¢â‚¬ . As she got up and walked out. This shows she is angry. She started being rebellious as a form of coping. She started smoking and even swearing.Unlike Tom though, she can’t talk about the accident. As she told her new friend Brianna and her old friend Becky. | FinBefore accident: mature, relaxed. After accident: confused, depressed, quadriplegic. â€Å"Hey Tom† and here he was 6 months later, his had grown back and he could breathe for himself. But he’d never be the real Fin, the Fin I knew. â€Å"Who’s Bennies 5/8th†, â€Å"A bloke called Rory†, â€Å"Is he any good†. I answered carefully â€Å"He’s not bad†He became quadriplegic, becomes depressedBecause he can’t move, he had more time to think.When becoming angry, the only way to feel better is to take it out on his family. About the crash: angry, lost confused, depressed. Blames Daniel for the crash and how he ruined his life. | Uncle Brendan| ClaireReg retful, forgiving, scared, caring and thoughtful. Claire broke up with Daniel and he went crazy which resulted in the accident. | Gran| Aunty Kath| Jo Brennan and Tess Brennan (Tom’s Parents)Sympathetic, dull, depressed, neglectful. He does not blame himself for the accident as he felt they all had the reason to celebrate.They got in to the final end they wanted a premature party. Joe did not know the full relationship between Fin and Claire had the secret relationship. Joe just saw it as a night of fun not tragedy. She nodded. â€Å"you’ve always been one step ahead of her†. â€Å"You and Kylie both have. † â€Å"So what did I do wrong my first born? † â€Å"Tess blames her parenting skills referring to Kylie and Tom being good but looked at the Daniel turned out. Tess used to be very neglectful to the rest of family and has come to deep depression.She didn’t show much interest other than Daniel this has extended not only to her own childr en but Fin as well. She changed throughout the novel by taking care of her health and making effort with her children. â€Å"Mum made dinner. † Kylie and I helped. They were only omelettes but that was the most she’s cooked in ages. She kept going on about how delicious they were and how you had to eat the eggs in a particular way to make them fluffy. Kylie gave me a bit of an eye roll but she didn’t say anything. We knew these were big steps for mum. We didn’t want to do nything to ruin it in case she went back to bed and never got out. â€Å"Not only has god given you a gift, I mean sincerely. Now, it was good, but it was never going to be as good as you† But I think deep down he meant that. Joe comes to senses and realises that Daniel, is not so much the golden child. Joe realises that Tom has so much, he has a chance at a better life, a great rugby career and a chance to become a great someone, special. This relates to Joe in changing because h e realises that Tom can be someone and he can lift his brother and family from the disaster. Tess blames herself.She felt saddened, depressed as if she never wanted to wake up from her bed. Tess often slept, and slept in the dark clutches of doona. It was though she would never wake from under the bed ever again, but Tess after all that sleeping she was just thinking that she should of stopped Daniel. But there was no way. Tess did not know what was going to happen. Daniels actions affected Tess in a way where she would never able to look at her sister in the eye again. The damaged that ripped Tess’s family apart that to her was unbearable to forget, and to beg for forgiveness. |

Use of Scientific Management in the 21st Century

Use of Scientific Management in the 21st Century Roberta Larkins Jones International University April 14, 2010 Abstract The 19th and 20th Century gives the foundation of the shift in management modeling. Frederick Taylor, Henry Gantt, and Lillian Gilbreth gave great insight into the need for a paradigm shift in business. The elements of this shift form the basis of the four principles of Scientific Management. The principles of Scientific Management and their use in the 21st Century are the elements of this paper. Use of Scientific Management in the 21st Century The management of an organization that has a structural system which clearly defines the functions of the departments, groups, and individuals can be defined by the term Scientific Management originated by Frederick Taylor. (Nelson, 2003, p. 1) The Encyclopedia for Business (n. d. ) defines Scientific Management as â€Å"methods aimed at determining the best way for a job to be done. (n. d. , pg 6). While the initial use of Scientific Management in dealing with issues of efficiency and productivity is rooted in the history of management theory during the 19th Century and early in the 20th Century, the same organizational needs are evident in business today and the usage of the fundamentals of Scientific Management can be used to effectively increase both efficiency and productivity in a 21st Century organization. The Pioneers Frederick Taylor, known as ‘the most in? ential business guru of the 20th century’ (154), began his journey into business in an apprenticeship to a patternmaker for a pump manufacturing company in Philadelphia. (Wren, 2004, 121) It is here Taylor has the opportunity to see firsthand what the employees are experiencing and make note of the elements of discourse. Wren describes the conditions as â€Å"worker restriction of output, poor management, and lack of harmony between labor and management† (2004, p. 122). As Taylor continued to adva nce in his career, he stood witness to instances of these same conditions in the employees at Midvale Steel Company. It is during this time in his career along with his desire to change those working conditions that he began the work in Scientific Management that allows him to make his mark in managerial history. Henry Gantt, also a mechanical engineer, worked with Taylor for many years and both were partners in the development the concept of scientific management, although Taylor is more widely recognized for the model. Gant’s influence provided fuel for a better understanding of human nature in the workforce by improving employee representation plans , improving the practices of human-resources, and cooperation by labor-management,. Wren, 2004, p. 165) The human side of management is also the focus of works by Lillian Gilbreth, who is often called the first lady of management. (Pioneers of Management, n. d. , p7). Together they were the driving force in the use of Scientific Management and the creation of human resource principles within an organization. The Fundamentals Taylor viewed busi ness as â€Å"a system of human cooperation that will be successful only if all concerned work toward a common goal† (Wren, 2004, p. 125). The four principles of Scientific Management address the initial concerns that Taylor witnessed. Hodgetts and Greenwood (1995) share the four fundamentals as (1) Develop a science for each element of the person’s work, thus replacing the old rule of thumb, (2) Scientifically select, and then train, teach, and develop the worker, (3) Heartily cooperate with the personnel so as to insure that all of the work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that it has been developed, and (4) Management should take over all the work for which it is best fitted than the workers, and allow the latter to handle the rest. (1995, p. 18-221) These fundamentals can also transfer into the resolution of the original conditions by increasing worker productivity, effective management, and creating a harmonious relationship between management and worker. Increasing Worker Productivity Embedded into principles one and two, are considerations for sound human-resource management today. Taylor anticipated the concept of matching the abilities of a worker to an assigned job. (Wren, 2 004, p. 129) Instead of developing their own approach to a job through experience, the employee will learn to do it the right way. Hodgetts & Greenwood, 1995, p. 218) plus trained in newer techniques which will allow the employee to be more productive in their output. Taylor’s belief in productivity was grounded in the idea â€Å"the real potential for increased output was not ‘working harder’ but ‘working smarter. ’† (Wren, 2009, p. 128). Hodgetts and Greenwood (1995) describe the ability to increase productivity â€Å"by training, teaching, and developing their personnel, this quality-driven organization was able to achieve substantial increases in efficiency and cost savings. † (1995, p. 220). Effective training assesses the training need within an organization, trains the employee with advanced or more efficient tools and techniques, then allows the employee to return to the organization and utilize their new skills thereby increasing the productivity of the employee. Effective Management The third principle in scientific management is presented by the utilization of effective management in an organization. According to Taylor, the principle object of management is to secure the maximum level or prosperity for both employer and each employee. (Wren, 2009, p. 48). Whether this is done by 21st Century talent management programs including bonuses and promotions, or 19th Century reward and recognition system, the inclusion of something that demonstrates to the employee that he or she is valued is essential. Harmonious Relationship The fourth principle of scientific management is to enforce the theory of workers and management coming together in order to run a successful organ ization. Part of this effort is in allowing the workers to become part of the solutions needed achieve higher levels of efficiency and productivity. Darmody (2007) shares that management now realizes that when workers are given the opportunity to suggest ideas, they will work harder in the implementation of and assurance in the success of them. (2007, p. 23). Taylor’s view of this is continuous improvement effort. Conclusion The four principles of scientific management were important in the 19th century and continue to be important in the 21st Century in business. An organization that has a goal to remain successful and competitive must incorporate all four components into the strategic plan. As the mindset of management shifts to deal with the internal and external forces of business in moving forward, a look back at the vision of Taylor, Gantt, and Gilbreth will assist the organization to succeed. References Darmody, P. (2007). Henry L. Gantt and Frederick Taylor: The Pioneers of Scientific Management. AACE International Transactions, 15. 1-15. 3. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database. Hodgetts, R. , & Greenwood, R. (1995). Frederick Taylor: Alive and Well and Ready for the 21st Century. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 218-222. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database. Nelson, D. , (2003, Jan) Scientific Management, Dictionary of American History, Retrieved from http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1G2-3401803768. html Pioneers of Management. (n. d. ). In Encyclopedia of Business (2nd ed. ). Retrieved from http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Or-Pr/Pioneers-of-management. html Wren, D. , (2009) the evolution of management thought (6th Ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons

PSAT vs SAT 6 Key Differences You Must Know

PSAT vs SAT 6 Key Differences You Must Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There's the PSAT, there's the SAT. There are even a few other assessments, as it turns out. There's a lot of jargon out there when it comes to the tests offered by the College Board, so it's important to know exactly what you're signing up for- and how each test is different. The SAT suite of assessments is designed to work together. All tests are fundamentally similar, and you can use any one to prepare for any other. That being said, the PSAT vs SAT isn't a perfectly equal match-up. In reality, there are some differences- both major and minor- between them. We take a look at these below. The SAT Suite of Tests: Overview First things first, let's establish what College Board tests are actually out thereand what these tests' often confusing monikers actually mean. PSAT 8/9 This test is taken in 8th and/or 9th grade to indicate what areas need special attention before a student graduates high school. PSAT 10 This test is exactly identical to the PSAT/NMSQT (discussed below); however, it's only offered in the spring and is only open to students in the 10th grade. PSAT/NMSQT This test, taken in the fall of 10th and/or 11th grade,is another check-in point meant to point out any skills a student has yet to master. Notably, though, it also gives students a chance to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship. SAT The college admission test we all know and love, the SATindicates your college readiness to any schools receiving your application. From here on out, we're going to zero in on the two tests that do most of the heavy lifting: the PSAT/NMSQT (hereafter referred to simply as the PSAT) and the SAT. There are similarities, and there are differences. PSAT vs SAT: What's the Same? The content and format of the SAT and PSAT are very similar, though not identical.Before we get into the key differences, let's talk about what doesn't change from one test to the other. #1: Content These two tests cover the same subjects. I mean, exactlythe same subjects- it's even a bit eerie. There's algebra on the PSAT; there's algebra on the SAT. There are vocab-in-context questions on the PSAT, and there are vocab-in-context questions on the SAT, too. You get the picture. #2: Basic Structure The style of the questions doesn't change much from one test to the other,either in terms of wording or the actual tasks. Also, the overall structureandglobal goal of testing remain the same. Both tests have two major components:Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW), and Math (the SAT also has an optional Essay component- more on that below). EBRW includes the Reading Test and theWriting and Language Test, whereas Math is made up of two subsections: one allows the use of a calculator, and the other one does not. On both the PSAT and the SAT, you'll getpassages on the Reading and Writing sections.On the Reading section you'll answer reading comprehension questions, and on the Writing section you'll answer questions about how to fix grammatical and stylistic weaknesses in the text. In addition, both the PSAT and SAT Math sections contain grid-in questions as well as multiple-choice questions.The grid-in questions come at the end of eachsection. #3: Subscores and Cross-Test Scores In addition to your final composite score, you'll always receivecross-test scores and subscores on the PSAT and SAT. However, there's a division between Math andEBRW,and there are a few other specifications, too. The two cross-test scores are Analysis in History/Social Studies and Analysis in Science.These scores refer to every question that tests critical thinking in the named areas, whetherappearing in a verbal section or the qualitative one. As for subscores, these differ for each of the three sections on the PSAT and SAT. The Reading section uses the following subscores: Command of Evidence Words in Context The Writing and Languagesection gives us these subscores: Expression of Ideas Standard English Conventions And finally, the Math section's subscores are as follows: Heart of Algebra Problem Solving and Data Analysis Passport to Advanced Math #4: No Guessing Penalty In the olden days, answering a question wrong meant having points literally deducted from your score.One-quarterpoint per question, to be exact. So if you missed eightquestions, not only would you not get those eightpoints, but you'd also lose an extra two points. Those two points would be subtracted from the points you'd already earned. Fortunately, those dark days are over.Today, if you miss eight questions on either the PSAT or SAT, all you lose is the opportunity to earn those eight points. Nothing gets subtracted from your score! Sometimes, on the SAT or PSAT, it's worth taking a gamble. PSAT vs SAT: What's Different? Now that we've covered the similarities between the two tests, let's dig into the differences. #1: Purpose The first major difference is the purpose of each test. Whereas the SAT isa common requirement for college admissions,the PSAT is an SAT practice test and the basis for the National Merit Scholarship Program.In other words, since the PSAT is essentially a precursor to the SAT, it is not as important as the SAT is. In regard to colleges, the PSAT has no impact on your admission chances, while the SAT typically does. Even a super low score on the PSAT would have no effect on your college applications. By contrast, a super low SAT score would likely significantly lower your admission chances. With National Merit, you can only enter the competition if you get in the top 1% of scorers on the PSAT (and are a high school junior). Thus, while a top 1% SAT score would no doubt give a boost to your college applications, it would not make you eligible for National Merit. #2: Score Range The PSAT is scored ona scale of 320-1520, while the SAT is scored ona scale of 400-1600. This means that the individual section score ranges differ as well. On the PSAT, EBRW and Math are each scored on a scale of 160-760.On the SAT, however, these sections are scored on a slightly bigger scale of200-800. Your PSAT score is meant to directly predict your SAT score.So if you get 1200 on the PSAT, you can expect to get roughly the same score if you took the SAT without further preparation. Why the different score ranges, though? Because the PSAT is a little less challenging (so as to accommodatea lower grade level),a perfect score on the PSAT falls a little short of a perfect score on the SAT. #3: Timing It's also important to notethat the amount of time and the number of questions for each section differ between the two tests. The SAT is slightly longer and has more questions,but the amount of time allottedper question is generally the same. The only exception is the Math No Calculator subsection, for which you get 13 seconds more per question on the PSAT than you do on the SAT. Here's an overview of the time and question differences between the PSAT and SAT: Test Section Time # of Questions Time per Question PSAT Reading 60 minutes 48 75 seconds Writing 35 minutes 44 48 seconds Math No Calc 25 minutes 17 88 seconds Math Calc 45 minutes 31 87 seconds Total 165 minutes 139 - SAT Reading 65 minutes 52 75 seconds Writing 35 minutes 44 48 seconds Math No Calc 25 minutes 20 75 seconds Math Calc 55 minutes 38 87 seconds Essay (optional) 50 minutes 1 50 minutes Total 180 minutes (230 minutes with essay) 154 (155 with essay) - If you skip the essay, the SAT is only 15 minutes longer.But if youdo take the essay- which is probably wise- you're in for an extra hour of testing.You'll want to train your endurance toward that goal. #4: The Essay You'll note that there was actually more than just a matter of timing implied in that last section. That's right: the PSAT has no essay. The SAT, on the other hand, does. It's optional, so you don't have to take it.But as your colleges might require or recommend it, you should be aware that this is one aspect of the SAT that the PSAT won't prepare you for. As a result,make sure you give the essay some attention before you dive into the SAT. Colleges tend to like having students write essays. #5:Level of Difficulty Throughout the College Board's suite of tests,things get a little bit harder.It's nothing huge; you just might find that the PSAT has more concrete, find-this-detail-in-the-text questions whilethe SAT has more abstract, what-purpose-did-this-detail-serve sorts of questions. #6: Logistics The final difference lies in the logistics of the PSAT and SAT, namely how each test is administered, how much each test costs, and where you can take each test. In terms of administration, the PSAT is held just once a year in October, while the SAT is offered seven times throughout the school year.(You can also take the SAT on adesignated school-day test day.) As you can see, you're typically expected to take the PSAT just once or twice in total. With the SAT, however, you have far more options to retake itand raise your score. Another big logistical difference is price. Though the PSAT is sometimes free for students whose schools cover the full cost of the test, the typical price is$16 a test.Comparatively, the SAT costs $46 without the Essay and $60 with the Essay. (Note that fee waivers are available for both the PSAT and SAT.) Finally, while the PSAT is alwaysadministered at schools,the SAT is administered at both schools and test centers. So if you're homeschooled or if your school doesn't offer the PSAT, you'll need to find another local school at which you can take it. PSAT vs SAT: Key Takeaways It's always a good idea to throw in a full-length, officialpractice PSAT before you take the real thing. If you're preparing for the PSAT using an SAT program, the good news is that you'll likely be overly prepared in terms of comfort with the content and your overall endurance. What you'll need to watch out for, though, is a probable tendency to overanalyzethe slightly simpler questions on the PSAT. Know that you will not be writing an essay on the PSAT, either. If you're preparing for the SAT using the PSAT, bear in mind that though it will get you most of the way there, you'll still need to supplement your study program with official practice SAT questions and at least a few cracks at the essay. What's Next? Prepare for the task ahead of you,whether it be the PSAT, the SAT, or both. It's important to be familiar with what you'll be doing on test day. And practice, as they say, makes perfect. Set some good goals- find out what it takes to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship Program, and learnwhat a good PSAT score looks like. That's actually not a simple question to answer, but reading up on the subject will get you feeling more comfortable with what you should aim for! If it's too early to think about the PSAT or the SAT, read some carefully considered advice about taking the PSAT 8/9. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

100 Most Important Women in World History

100 Most Important Women in World History From time to time, people publish lists of top 100 of women in history. As I think about who Id put into my own Top 100 list of women important to world history, the women in the list below would at least make it to my first draft list. Womens Rights European and British Olympe de Gouges: in the French Revolution, declared that women were equal to menMary Wollstonecraft: British author and philosopher, mother of modern feminismHarriet Martineau: wrote about politics, economics, religion, philosophyEmmeline Pankhurst: key British woman suffrage radical; Founder, Womens Social and Political Union, 1903Simone de Beauvoir: 20th-century feminist theorist Americans Judith Sargent Murray: American writer who wrote early feminist essayMargaret Fuller: Transcendentalist writerElizabeth Cady Stanton: womens rights and woman suffrage theorist and activistSusan B. Anthony: womens rights and woman suffrage spokesperson and leaderLucy Stone: abolitionist, womens rights advocateAlice Paul: a primary organizer for the last winning years of womens suffrageCarrie Chapman Catt: a longtime organizer for woman suffrage, organized international suffrage leadersBetty Friedan: feminist whose book helped launch the so-called second waveGloria Steinem: theorist and writer whose Ms. Magazine helped shape the second wave Heads of State Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance Hatshepsut: Pharaoh of Egypt who took male powers for herselfCleopatra of Egypt: last pharaoh of Egypt, active in Roman politicsGalla Placidia: Roman Empress and regentBoudicca (or Boadicea): warrior queen of the CeltsTheodora, Empress of Byzantium, married to JustinianIsabella I of Castile and Aragon, ruler of Spain who, as a partner ruler with her husband,  drove the Moors from Granada, expelled unconverted Jews from Spain, sponsored Christopher Columbus voyage to the New World, established the InquisitionElizabeth I of England, whose long rule was honored by calling that time period the Elizabethan Age Modern Catherine the Great of Russia: expanded Russias borders and promoted westernization and modernizationChristina of Sweden: patron of art and philosophy, abdicated on conversion to Roman CatholicismQueen Victoria: another influential queen for whom a whole age is namedCixi (Tzu-hsi or Hsiao-chin), last Dowager Empress of China, wielding enormous power as she opposed foreign influence and ruled strongly internallyIndira Gandhi: Prime Minister of India, also the daughter, mother, and mother-in-law of other Indian politiciansGolda Meir: Prime Minister of Israel during Yom Kippur WarMargaret Thatcher: British prime minister who dismantled social servicesCorazon Aquino: President of Philippines, reform political candidate More Politics Asian Sarojini Naidu: poet and political activist, the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress European and British Joan of Arc: legendary saint and martyrMadame de Stael: intellectual and salonist American Barbara Jordan: first Southern African American woman elected to CongressMargaret Chase Smith: Republican Senator from Maine, the first woman elected to both the House and the Senate, first woman to have her name placed in nomination at a Republican party conventionEleanor Roosevelt: wife and widow of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his eyes and ears as president hampered by polio, and a human rights activist in her own right Religion European and British Hildegard of Bingen: abbess, mystic and visionary, composer of music and writer of books on many secular and religious topicsPrincess Olga of Kiev: her marriage was the occasion of the conversion of Kiev (to become Russia) to Christianity, considered the first saint of the Russian Orthodox ChurchJeanne dAlbret  (Jeanne of Navarre): Huguenot Protestant leader in France, ruler of Navarre, mother of Henry IV American Mary Baker Eddy: founder of Christian Science, author of key scriptures of that faith, founder of The Christian Science Monitor Inventors and Scientists Hypatia: philosopher, mathematician, and martyred by the Christian churchSophie Germain: mathematician whose work is still used in the construction of skyscrapersAda Lovelace: pioneer in mathematics, created the concept of an operating system or softwareMarie Curie: mother of modern physics, two-time Nobel Prize winnerMadam C. J. Walker: inventor, entrepreneur, millionaire, philanthropistMargaret Mead: anthropologistJane Goodall: primatologist and researcher, worked with chimpanzees in Africa Medicine and Nursing Trota or Trotula: a medieval medical writer (probably)Florence Nightingale: nurse, reformer, helped establish standards for nursingDorothea Dix: advocate for the mentally ill, supervisor of nurses in the U.S. Civil WarClara Barton: founder of the Red Cross, organized nursing services in the U.S. Civil WarElizabeth Blackwell: first  woman to graduate from medical school (M.D.) and a pioneer in educating women in medicine  Elizabeth Garrett Anderson:  first woman to successfully complete the medical qualifying exams in Great Britain; first woman physician in Great Britain; advocate of womens suffrage and womens opportunities in higher education; first woman in England elected as mayor Social Reform Americans Jane Addams: founder of Hull-House and of the social work professionFrances Willard: temperance activist, speaker, educatorHarriet Tubman:  fugitive slave, underground railroad conductor, abolitionist, spy, soldier, Civil War, nurseSojourner Truth: black abolitionist who also advocated for woman suffrage and met Abraham Lincoln at the White HouseMary Church Terrell: civil rights leader, founder of National Association of Colored Women, charter NAACP memberIda Wells-Barnett:  anti-lynching crusader, reporter, an early activist for racial justiceRosa Parks:  civil rights activist, especially known for desegregating buses in Montgomery, Alabama More Elizabeth Fry: prison reform, mental asylum reform, reform of convict shipsWangari Maathai: environmentalist, educator Writers Sappho: poet of ancient GreeceAphra Behn: first woman to make a living through writing; dramatist, novelist, translator, and poetLady Murasaki: wrote  whats considered the worlds first novel,  The Tale of GenjiHarriet Martineau: wrote about economics, politics, philosophy, religionJane Austen: wrote popular novels of the Romantic periodCharlotte Bronte: along with her sister Emily, author of key early 19th century novels by womenEmily Dickinson: inventive poet and recluseSelma Lagerlof: first woman to win Nobel Prize for LiteratureToni Morrison:  first African American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature (1993)Alice Walker:  author of  The Color Purple; Pulitzer Prize; recovered work of Zora Neale Hurston; worked against female circumcision

Revised Literacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Revised Literacies - Essay Example But every media has its own merits and demrits. As a result, my audience will have a better understanding on remix. After I attended the WRA 1004 course, my perspective experiences about writing and reading have been modified significantly. Before attending the class, I had no specific strategies like RAIDS and SWAP for my essay. I had no idea what my essay will look like. I do not have a clear arrangement or style in mind. I just wrote as it went. I did notice the drawbacks of remix media. And for reading, I just read the article, and may briefly talk about the main points. After taking the class, I now understand to think before write, using RAIDS can easily help me to state my purpose clearly, and by using SWAP can help focus on my subject and my audience. Indeed, I think some modern technology-based medias -such as PowerPoint presentation, any other presentation software, computer compose, etc- other than paper are quite effective in conveying ideas to the target audiences. Indeed the use of computer for writing is endowed with umbrella-conveniences. If literacy means a man’s ability to read and write, a computer can be used to a media of literacy which is far more convenient that write on a paper. Now I believe the term â€Å"literacy† does not only mean one’s ability to read and write, but also it means one’s ability to use any technological devices also. Daley defines literacy as following: Traditionally literacy has been commonly defined as the ability to read and write at an adequate level of proficiency that is necessary for communication. More recently however, literacy has taken on several meanings. Technological literacy, mathematical literacy, and visual literacy are just a few examples. (45) It is because a computer not only allows a person to write but also allows him or her to access a wide range of reading materials. A computer-literate person can access to the vast reading

Protein Synthesis Details Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Protein Synthesis Details - Assignment Example The ribosomes fix to mRNA at the first codon known only to the tRNA initiating. The ribosomes then move to the elongating phase of protein production. At this step, complexes containing an amino acid connected to tRNA binds to the right codon by a formation of complementary pairs with tRNA anticodon. There is a movement of the ribosome from one codon to the other along mRNA. Acids are added one after the other translating into polypeptidic patterns defined by DNA and signified by mRNA. Finally, a release factor fixes to stop codon, stopping translation and discharging a whole polypeptide from a ribosome.The DNA double helix unwinds. Afterward, the enzyme case opens the DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds. The polymerase of the enzyme DNA pairs every tow components with the right nitrogenous bases. The strand at the top is known as the leading strand and the one at the bottom is known as the lagging strand. The enzyme ligase then attaches the DNA lagging strand fragments. Lastly, there are two DNA replications that are exact each having 46 chromosomes known as daughter cells.Besides, the reduced chromosome numbers, meiosis is different from mitosis in that it creates a new genetic combination in every daughter cell. The new combinations are as a result of DNA exchange between chromosomes that are paired. This means that gametes produced by this process have an amazing genetic variation. Lastly, in meiosis, the nuclear division occurs in two rounds, unlike mitosis.Prokaryotic reproduction involves no nucleus and employs binary fusion for its asexual division. For instance, in bacteria where they copy themselves through binary fusion.